Merge upstream master into net descriptor-based ep_size branch

- Resolve .gitignore conflict: incorporate upstream's .worktrees entry and
  expand dependency path patterns to cover all tools/get_deps.py fetched dirs
  (lib/, tools/linkermap, tools/uf2, hw/mcu/*) instead of listing only a few

- Auto-merged upstream changes: build system cleanups, BSP updates,
  portability fixes, new boards (nrf54lm20dk, stm32h743_weact),
  fatfs relocation, and many other upstream improvements

- Net driver changes (ecm_rndis_device.c, ncm_device.c, net_device.h,
  usbd.h, usb_descriptors.c) retain our PR's descriptor-based ep_size
  approach as our branch takes precedence

Co-authored-by: HiFiPhile <[email protected]>

46 files changed, 571 insertions, 291 deletions

diff --git a/examples/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
index b458c9ce3..7669290a8 100644
--- a/examples/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -26,9 +26,3 @@ add_custom_target(tinyusb_metrics
   COMMENT "Generating average code size metrics"
   VERBATIM
   )
-
-#add_custom_command(TARGET tinyusb_metrics POST_BUILD
-#  COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../tools/metrics.py compare ${TOP}/cmake-build/cmake-build-${BOARD}/metrics.json ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/metrics.json
-#  COMMENT "Generating average code size metrics"
-#  VERBATIM
-#  )
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/arm1176jzf-s.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/arm1176jzf-s.mk
index 022ccf7ad..c0cef8784 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/arm1176jzf-s.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/arm1176jzf-s.mk
@@ -2,8 +2,4 @@ ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),gcc)
   CFLAGS += \
     -mcpu=arm1176jzf-s \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-	#CFLAGS += --cpu cortex-a53
-	#ASFLAGS += --cpu cortex-a53
-
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/arm926ej-s.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/arm926ej-s.mk
index 5b84f514f..e0558eca7 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/arm926ej-s.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/arm926ej-s.mk
@@ -2,8 +2,4 @@ ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),gcc)
   CFLAGS += \
     -mcpu=arm926ej-s \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-	#CFLAGS += --cpu cortex-a53
-	#ASFLAGS += --cpu cortex-a53
-
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-a53.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-a53.mk
index 42e522ecf..20ed8f0cc 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-a53.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-a53.mk
@@ -2,11 +2,4 @@ ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),gcc)
   CFLAGS += \
     -mcpu=cortex-a53 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-	CFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-a53 \
-
-	ASFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-a53 \
-
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-a72.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-a72.mk
index 1b3d8da4a..b2b3d9181 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-a72.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-a72.mk
@@ -2,11 +2,4 @@ ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),gcc)
   CFLAGS += \
     -mcpu=cortex-a72 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-	CFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-a72 \
-
-	ASFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-a72 \
-
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m0.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m0.mk
index c2c33a2ee..1d618982e 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m0.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m0.mk
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  --target=arm-none-eabi \
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m0 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  # IAR Flags
-  CFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m0
-  ASFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m0
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m0plus.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m0plus.mk
index fe8feb227..029ce09d1 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m0plus.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m0plus.mk
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  --target=arm-none-eabi \
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m0plus \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  # IAR Flags
-  CFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m0+
-  ASFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m0+
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m23.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m23.mk
index 7ab758352..b92e24401 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m23.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m23.mk
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  --target=arm-none-eabi \
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m23 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  # IAR Flags
-  CFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m23
-  ASFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m23
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m3.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m3.mk
index b6325313f..b58f0203b 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m3.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m3.mk
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  --target=arm-none-eabi \
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m3 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  # IAR Flags
-  CFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m3
-  ASFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m3
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m33-nodsp-nofp.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m33-nodsp-nofp.mk
index 405053dd0..858a721fd 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m33-nodsp-nofp.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m33-nodsp-nofp.mk
@@ -10,13 +10,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m33 \
 	  -mfpu=softvp \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  CFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-m33+nodsp \
-
-  ASFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-m33+nodsp \
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m33.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m33.mk
index 47b0eaecd..5699fef7b 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m33.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m33.mk
@@ -11,15 +11,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m33 \
 	  -mfpu=fpv5-sp-d16 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  CFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-m33 \
-		--fpu VFPv5-SP \
-
-  ASFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-m33 \
-		--fpu VFPv5-SP \
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m4-nofpu.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m4-nofpu.mk
index ac2916005..62ab21e31 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m4-nofpu.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m4-nofpu.mk
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  --target=arm-none-eabi \
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m4
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  CFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m4 --fpu none
-  ASFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m4 --fpu none
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m4.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m4.mk
index 57d6e126d..e50fe00ef 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m4.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m4.mk
@@ -11,10 +11,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m4 \
 	  -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  CFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m4 --fpu VFPv4-SP
-  ASFLAGS += --cpu cortex-m4 --fpu VFPv4-SP
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m55.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m55.mk
index de627caed..94cca1a5e 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m55.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m55.mk
@@ -12,15 +12,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m55 \
 	  -mfpu=fpv5-d16 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  CFLAGS += \
-  	--cpu cortex-m55 \
-  	--fpu VFPv5_D16 \
-
-  ASFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-m55 \
-		--fpu VFPv5_D16 \
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m7-fpsp.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m7-fpsp.mk
index cd42c6fb8..e79ff6d73 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m7-fpsp.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m7-fpsp.mk
@@ -11,15 +11,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m7 \
 	  -mfpu=fpv5-sp-d16 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  CFLAGS += \
-  	--cpu cortex-m7 \
-  	--fpu VFPv5_sp \
-
-  ASFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-m7 \
-		--fpu VFPv5_sp \
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m7.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m7.mk
index 3e6116179..3bd5c1155 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m7.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m7.mk
@@ -11,15 +11,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m7 \
 	  -mfpu=fpv5-d16 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  CFLAGS += \
-  	--cpu cortex-m7 \
-  	--fpu VFPv5_D16 \
-
-  ASFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-m7 \
-		--fpu VFPv5_D16 \
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m85.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m85.mk
index 75e8f3aaf..d66e26418 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m85.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/cortex-m85.mk
@@ -11,15 +11,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 	  -mcpu=cortex-m85 \
 	  -mfpu=fpv5-d16 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  CFLAGS += \
-  	--cpu cortex-m85 \
-  	--fpu VFPv5_D16 \
-
-  ASFLAGS += \
-		--cpu cortex-m85 \
-		--fpu VFPv5_D16 \
-
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/msp430.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/msp430.mk
index 6daa2c38d..83a35140f 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/msp430.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/msp430.mk
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),gcc)
   # nothing to add
 else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
   # nothing to add
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  # nothing to add
 else
   $(error "TOOLCHAIN is not supported")
 endif
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/rv32i-ilp32.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/rv32i-ilp32.mk
index af764afc5..6b2306008 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/rv32i-ilp32.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/rv32i-ilp32.mk
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
     -march=rv32i_zicsr \
     -mabi=ilp32 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  $(error not support)
 endif
 
 # For freeRTOS port source
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/rv32imac-ilp32.mk b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/rv32imac-ilp32.mk
index a7b2258d7..e4a3ad24f 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/cpu/rv32imac-ilp32.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/cpu/rv32imac-ilp32.mk
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
     -march=rv32imac_zicsr_zifencei \
     -mabi=ilp32 \
 
-else ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),iar)
-  $(error not support)
-
 endif
 
 # For freeRTOS port source
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/arm_iar.mk b/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/arm_iar.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 17967b41a..000000000
--- a/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/arm_iar.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# makefile for arm iar toolchain
-
-CC = iccarm
-AS = iasmarm
-LD = ilinkarm
-OBJCOPY = ielftool --silent
-SIZE = size
-
-# Enable extension mode (gcc compatible)
-CFLAGS += -e --debug --silent
-
-# silent mode
-ASFLAGS += -S $(addprefix -I,$(INC))
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/gcc_rules.mk b/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/gcc_rules.mk
index fc5225503..3463cad48 100644
--- a/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/gcc_rules.mk
+++ b/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/gcc_rules.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-SRC_S += $(SRC_S_GCC)
-
 # Assembly files can be name with upper case .S, convert it to .s
 SRC_S := $(SRC_S:.S=.s)
 
@@ -9,7 +7,7 @@ SRC_S := $(SRC_S:.S=.s)
 OBJ += $(addprefix $(BUILD)/obj/, $(SRC_S:.s=_asm.o))
 OBJ += $(addprefix $(BUILD)/obj/, $(SRC_C:.c=.o))
 
-CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_GCC) -MD
+CFLAGS += -MD
 
 # LTO makes it difficult to analyze map file for optimizing size purpose
 # We will run this option in ci
@@ -25,18 +23,13 @@ ifeq ($(TOOLCHAIN),clang)
 CFLAGS += $(CFLAGS_CLANG)
 LDFLAGS += $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_CLANG)
 else
-LDFLAGS += $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_GCC)
+LDFLAGS += $(CFLAGS)
 endif
 
-# TODO should be removed after all examples are updated
 ifdef LD_FILE
 LDFLAGS += -Wl,-T,$(TOP)/$(LD_FILE)
 endif
 
-ifdef LD_FILE_GCC
-LDFLAGS += -Wl,-T,$(TOP)/$(LD_FILE_GCC)
-endif
-
 ASFLAGS += $(CFLAGS)
 
 # libc
diff --git a/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/iar_rules.mk b/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/iar_rules.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c066f6da..000000000
--- a/examples/build_system/make/toolchain/iar_rules.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-SRC_S += $(SRC_S_IAR)
-
-# Assembly files can be name with upper case .S, convert it to .s
-SRC_S := $(SRC_S:.S=.s)
-
-# Due to GCC LTO bug https://bugs.launchpad.net/gcc-arm-embedded/+bug/1747966
-# assembly file should be placed first in linking order
-# '_asm' suffix is added to object of assembly file
-OBJ += $(addprefix $(BUILD)/obj/, $(SRC_S:.s=_asm.o))
-OBJ += $(addprefix $(BUILD)/obj/, $(SRC_C:.c=.o))
-
-# Linker script
-LDFLAGS += --config $(TOP)/$(LD_FILE_IAR)
-
-# ---------------------------------------
-# Rules
-# ---------------------------------------
-
-# Compile .c file
-$(BUILD)/obj/%.o: %.c
-	@echo CC $(notdir $@)
-	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
-
-# ASM sources lower case .s
-$(BUILD)/obj/%_asm.o: %.s
-	@echo AS $(notdir $@)
-	@$(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
-
-# ASM sources upper case .S
-$(BUILD)/obj/%_asm.o: %.S
-	@echo AS $(notdir $@)
-	@$(AS) $(ASFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
-
-$(BUILD)/$(PROJECT).bin: $(BUILD)/$(PROJECT).elf
-	@echo CREATE $@
-	@$(OBJCOPY) --bin $^ $@
-
-$(BUILD)/$(PROJECT).hex: $(BUILD)/$(PROJECT).elf
-	@echo CREATE $@
-	@$(OBJCOPY) --ihex $^ $@
-
-$(BUILD)/$(PROJECT).elf: $(OBJ)
-	@echo LINK $@
-	@$(LD) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $^
diff --git a/examples/device/audio_4_channel_mic_freertos/skip.txt b/examples/device/audio_4_channel_mic_freertos/skip.txt
index be44cb2c0..61a7b0605 100644
--- a/examples/device/audio_4_channel_mic_freertos/skip.txt
+++ b/examples/device/audio_4_channel_mic_freertos/skip.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ mcu:MCXA15
 mcu:MKL25ZXX
 mcu:MSP430x5xx
 mcu:FT90X
-mcu:RP2040
 mcu:SAMD11
 mcu:VALENTYUSB_EPTRI
 mcu:RAXXX
diff --git a/examples/device/audio_4_channel_mic_freertos/src/main.c b/examples/device/audio_4_channel_mic_freertos/src/main.c
index 4572bbb3c..eac66a4ef 100644
--- a/examples/device/audio_4_channel_mic_freertos/src/main.c
+++ b/examples/device/audio_4_channel_mic_freertos/src/main.c
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ bool tud_audio_set_req_entity_cb(uint8_t rhport, tusb_control_request_t const *p
         // Request uses format layout 2
         TU_VERIFY(p_request->wLength == sizeof(audio20_control_cur_2_t));
 
-        volume[channelNum] = ((audio20_control_cur_2_t *) pBuff)->bCur;
+        volume[channelNum] = (uint16_t) ((audio20_control_cur_2_t *) pBuff)->bCur;
         TU_LOG1("    Set Volume: %d dB of channel: %u\r\n", volume[channelNum], channelNum);
         return true;
 
diff --git a/examples/device/audio_test_freertos/skip.txt b/examples/device/audio_test_freertos/skip.txt
index 007fece53..386a0cdfb 100644
--- a/examples/device/audio_test_freertos/skip.txt
+++ b/examples/device/audio_test_freertos/skip.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ mcu:MCXA15
 mcu:MKL25ZXX
 mcu:MSP430x5xx
 mcu:FT90X
-mcu:RP2040
 mcu:SAMD11
 mcu:VALENTYUSB_EPTRI
 mcu:RAXXX
diff --git a/examples/device/cdc_msc_freertos/skip.txt b/examples/device/cdc_msc_freertos/skip.txt
index 31d808d8e..429c62d93 100644
--- a/examples/device/cdc_msc_freertos/skip.txt
+++ b/examples/device/cdc_msc_freertos/skip.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ mcu:MCXA15
 mcu:MKL25ZXX
 mcu:MSP430x5xx
 mcu:FT90X
-mcu:RP2040
 mcu:SAMD11
 mcu:VALENTYUSB_EPTRI
 mcu:RAXXX
diff --git a/examples/device/cdc_msc_freertos/src/msc_disk.c b/examples/device/cdc_msc_freertos/src/msc_disk.c
index ff918205e..ab551c288 100644
--- a/examples/device/cdc_msc_freertos/src/msc_disk.c
+++ b/examples/device/cdc_msc_freertos/src/msc_disk.c
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ static void io_task(void *params) {
   while (1) {
     if (xQueueReceive(io_queue, &io_ops, portMAX_DELAY)) {
       uint8_t* addr = (uint8_t*) (uintptr_t) (msc_disk[io_ops.lba] + io_ops.offset);
-      int32_t nbytes = io_ops.bufsize;
+      int32_t nbytes = (int32_t) io_ops.bufsize;
       if (io_ops.is_read) {
         memcpy(io_ops.buffer, addr, io_ops.bufsize);
       } else {
diff --git a/examples/device/hid_composite_freertos/skip.txt b/examples/device/hid_composite_freertos/skip.txt
index 8ae238584..d2ee8d636 100644
--- a/examples/device/hid_composite_freertos/skip.txt
+++ b/examples/device/hid_composite_freertos/skip.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ mcu:MCXA15
 mcu:MKL25ZXX
 mcu:MSP430x5xx
 mcu:FT90X
-mcu:RP2040
 mcu:SAMD11
 mcu:VALENTYUSB_EPTRI
 mcu:RAXXX
diff --git a/examples/device/midi_test_freertos/skip.txt b/examples/device/midi_test_freertos/skip.txt
index 8ae238584..d2ee8d636 100644
--- a/examples/device/midi_test_freertos/skip.txt
+++ b/examples/device/midi_test_freertos/skip.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ mcu:MCXA15
 mcu:MKL25ZXX
 mcu:MSP430x5xx
 mcu:FT90X
-mcu:RP2040
 mcu:SAMD11
 mcu:VALENTYUSB_EPTRI
 mcu:RAXXX
diff --git a/examples/device/mtp/src/mtp_fs_example.c b/examples/device/mtp/src/mtp_fs_example.c
index 60fc9f79e..09697693e 100644
--- a/examples/device/mtp/src/mtp_fs_example.c
+++ b/examples/device/mtp/src/mtp_fs_example.c
@@ -275,11 +275,11 @@ int32_t tud_mtp_command_received_cb(tud_mtp_cb_data_t* cb_data) {
     resp_code = MTP_RESP_OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   } else {
     resp_code = handler(cb_data);
-    if (resp_code > MTP_RESP_UNDEFINED) {
-      // send response if needed
-      io_container->header->code = (uint16_t)resp_code;
-      tud_mtp_response_send(io_container);
-    }
+  }
+  if (resp_code > MTP_RESP_UNDEFINED) {
+    // send response if needed
+    io_container->header->code = (uint16_t)resp_code;
+    tud_mtp_response_send(io_container);
   }
 
   return resp_code;
@@ -302,11 +302,11 @@ int32_t tud_mtp_data_xfer_cb(tud_mtp_cb_data_t* cb_data) {
     resp_code = MTP_RESP_OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   } else {
     resp_code = handler(cb_data);
-    if (resp_code > MTP_RESP_UNDEFINED) {
-      // send response if needed
-      io_container->header->code = (uint16_t)resp_code;
-      tud_mtp_response_send(io_container);
-    }
+  }
+  if (resp_code > MTP_RESP_UNDEFINED) {
+    // send response if needed
+    io_container->header->code = (uint16_t)resp_code;
+    tud_mtp_response_send(io_container);
   }
 
   return 0;
diff --git a/examples/device/net_lwip_webserver/Makefile b/examples/device/net_lwip_webserver/Makefile
index 9d8e8ec77..6002039b3 100644
--- a/examples/device/net_lwip_webserver/Makefile
+++ b/examples/device/net_lwip_webserver/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 include ../../../hw/bsp/family_support.mk
 
 # suppress warning caused by lwip
-CFLAGS_GCC += \
+CFLAGS += \
   -Wno-error=null-dereference \
   -Wno-error=unused-parameter \
   -Wno-error=unused-variable
diff --git a/examples/dual/host_hid_to_device_cdc/Makefile b/examples/dual/host_hid_to_device_cdc/Makefile
index a51251bf9..595cd7dec 100644
--- a/examples/dual/host_hid_to_device_cdc/Makefile
+++ b/examples/dual/host_hid_to_device_cdc/Makefile
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ INC += \
 EXAMPLE_SOURCE += $(wildcard src/*.c)
 SRC_C += $(addprefix $(EXAMPLE_PATH)/, $(EXAMPLE_SOURCE))
 
-CFLAGS_GCC += -Wno-error=cast-align -Wno-error=null-dereference
+CFLAGS += -Wno-error=cast-align -Wno-error=null-dereference
 
 SRC_C += \
 	src/class/hid/hid_host.c \
diff --git a/examples/dual/host_info_to_device_cdc/Makefile b/examples/dual/host_info_to_device_cdc/Makefile
index 659cf6ff9..3a1d87f57 100644
--- a/examples/dual/host_info_to_device_cdc/Makefile
+++ b/examples/dual/host_info_to_device_cdc/Makefile
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ INC += \
 EXAMPLE_SOURCE += $(wildcard src/*.c)
 SRC_C += $(addprefix $(EXAMPLE_PATH)/, $(EXAMPLE_SOURCE))
 
-CFLAGS_GCC += -Wno-error=cast-align -Wno-error=null-dereference
+CFLAGS += -Wno-error=cast-align -Wno-error=null-dereference
 
 SRC_C += \
 	src/host/hub.c \
diff --git a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/cdc_app.c b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/cdc_app.c
index 4c2c5e807..20033981e 100644
--- a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/cdc_app.c
+++ b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/cdc_app.c
@@ -28,11 +28,13 @@
 #include "bsp/board_api.h"
 #include "app.h"
 
-static size_t get_console_inputs(uint8_t* buf, size_t bufsize) {
+static size_t console_read(uint8_t *buf, size_t bufsize) {
   size_t count = 0;
   while (count < bufsize) {
-    int ch = board_getchar();
-    if (ch <= 0) { break; }
+    const int ch = board_getchar();
+    if (ch < 0) {
+      break;
+    }
     buf[count] = (uint8_t) ch;
     count++;
   }
@@ -40,46 +42,50 @@ static size_t get_console_inputs(uint8_t* buf, size_t bufsize) {
   return count;
 }
 
+static size_t console_write(const uint8_t *buf, size_t bufsize) {
+  // Use board_uart_write directly for non-blocking behavior.
+  // board_putchar -> sys_write has a blocking retry loop that causes UART RX overrun.
+  int wr = board_uart_write(buf, (int) bufsize);
+  return (wr > 0) ? (size_t) wr : 0;
+}
+
+// forward from console to usbh
+static void console_to_usbh(uint8_t idx) {
+  uint8_t buf[64];
+  size_t  count = console_read(buf, sizeof(buf));
+  if (count > 0) {
+    tuh_cdc_write(idx, buf, count);
+  }
+}
+
 void cdc_app_task(void) {
-  uint8_t buf[64 + 1]; // +1 for extra null character
-  uint32_t const bufsize = sizeof(buf) - 1;
+  const uint8_t idx = 0;
+
+  // Bidirectional forwarding: console <-> host cdc interfaces
+  if (!tuh_cdc_mounted(idx)) {
+    return;
+  }
 
-  uint32_t count = get_console_inputs(buf, bufsize);
-  buf[count] = 0;
+  // usbh -> uart
+  uint8_t  buf[64];
+  uint32_t count = tuh_cdc_read(idx, buf, sizeof(buf));
+  uint32_t wr    = 0;
 
-  // loop over all mounted interfaces
-  for (uint8_t idx = 0; idx < CFG_TUH_CDC; idx++) {
-    if (tuh_cdc_mounted(idx)) {
-      // console --> cdc interfaces
-      if (count > 0) {
-        tuh_cdc_write(idx, buf, count);
-        tuh_cdc_write_flush(idx);
-      }
+  do {
+    // uart write is slow, while waiting forward uart -> usbh else uart rx can be overflow
+    if (count) {
+      wr += console_write(buf + wr, count - wr);
     }
-  }
+    console_to_usbh(idx);
+  } while (wr < count);
+
+  tuh_cdc_write_flush(idx);
 }
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 // TinyUSB callbacks
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
-// Invoked when received new data
-void tuh_cdc_rx_cb(uint8_t idx) {
-  uint8_t buf[64 + 1]; // +1 for extra null character
-  uint32_t const bufsize = sizeof(buf) - 1;
-
-  // forward cdc interfaces -> console
-  const uint32_t count = tuh_cdc_read(idx, buf, bufsize);
-  if (count) {
-    buf[count] = 0;
-    printf("%s", (char*) buf);
-
-    #ifndef __ICCARM__     // TODO IAR doesn't support stream control ?
-    fflush(stdout);// flush right away, else nanolib will wait for newline
-    #endif
-  }
-}
-
 // Invoked when a device with CDC interface is mounted
 // idx is index of cdc interface in the internal pool.
 void tuh_cdc_mount_cb(uint8_t idx) {
diff --git a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/msc_app.c b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/msc_app.c
index dd4e22d7f..8181bdcb9 100644
--- a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/msc_app.c
+++ b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/msc_app.c
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ static bool inquiry_complete_cb(uint8_t dev_addr, tuh_msc_complete_data_t const
   }
 
   // Print out Vendor ID, Product ID and Rev
-  printf("%.8s %.16s rev %.4s\r\n", inquiry_resp.vendor_id, inquiry_resp.product_id, inquiry_resp.product_rev);
+  printf("%.8s %.16s %.4s\r\n", inquiry_resp.vendor_id, inquiry_resp.product_id, inquiry_resp.product_rev);
 
   // Get capacity of device
   uint32_t const block_count = tuh_msc_get_block_count(dev_addr, cbw->lun);
   uint32_t const block_size = tuh_msc_get_block_size(dev_addr, cbw->lun);
 
-  printf("Disk Size: %" PRIu32 " MB\r\n", block_count / ((1024*1024)/block_size));
-  printf("Block Count = %" PRIu32 ", Block Size: %" PRIu32 "\r\n", block_count, block_size);
+  printf("Disk Size: %" PRIu32 " %" PRIu32 "-byte blocks: %" PRIu32 " MB\r\n",
+    block_count, block_size, block_count / ((1024 * 1024) / block_size));
 
   return true;
 }
diff --git a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/tusb_config.h b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/tusb_config.h
index 75de3511c..26fcdd1cb 100644
--- a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/tusb_config.h
+++ b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid/src/tusb_config.h
@@ -102,8 +102,11 @@
 // Size of buffer to hold descriptors and other data used for enumeration
 #define CFG_TUH_ENUMERATION_BUFSIZE 256
 
+// Increase task event queue to handle rapid bulk transfer completions
+#define CFG_TUH_TASK_QUEUE_SZ       64
+
 #define CFG_TUH_HUB                 1 // number of supported hubs
-#define CFG_TUH_CDC                 2 // number of supported CDC devices. also activates CDC ACM
+#define CFG_TUH_CDC                 1 // number of supported CDC devices. also activates CDC ACM
 #define CFG_TUH_CDC_FTDI            1 // FTDI Serial.  FTDI is not part of CDC class, only to re-use CDC driver API
 #define CFG_TUH_CDC_CP210X          1 // CP210x Serial. CP210X is not part of CDC class, only to re-use CDC driver API
 #define CFG_TUH_CDC_CH34X           1 // CH340 or CH341 Serial. CH34X is not part of CDC class, only to re-use CDC driver API
diff --git a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/skip.txt b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/skip.txt
index bb62547a6..f0be07d25 100644
--- a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/skip.txt
+++ b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/skip.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 mcu:CH32F20X
-mcu:RP2040
 board:lpcxpresso54114
 mcu:FT90X
diff --git a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/src/cdc_app.c b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/src/cdc_app.c
index 0e0105980..30baacaac 100644
--- a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/src/cdc_app.c
+++ b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/src/cdc_app.c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void cdc_app_init(void) {
 }
 
 // helper
-static size_t get_console_inputs(uint8_t *buf, size_t bufsize) {
+static size_t console_read(uint8_t *buf, size_t bufsize) {
   size_t count = 0;
   while (count < bufsize) {
     int ch = board_getchar();
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ static void cdc_app_task(void* param) {
   uint32_t const bufsize = sizeof(buf) - 1;
 
   while (1) {
-    uint32_t count = get_console_inputs(buf, bufsize);
+    uint32_t count = console_read(buf, bufsize);
     buf[count] = 0;
 
     if (count) {
diff --git a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/src/msc_app.c b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/src/msc_app.c
index fa864c364..17df11951 100644
--- a/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/src/msc_app.c
+++ b/examples/host/cdc_msc_hid_freertos/src/msc_app.c
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ static bool inquiry_complete_cb(uint8_t dev_addr, tuh_msc_complete_data_t const
   }
 
   // Print out Vendor ID, Product ID and Rev
-  printf("%.8s %.16s rev %.4s\r\n", scsi_resp.inquiry.vendor_id, scsi_resp.inquiry.product_id, scsi_resp.inquiry.product_rev);
+  printf("%.8s %.16s %.4s\r\n", scsi_resp.inquiry.vendor_id, scsi_resp.inquiry.product_id, scsi_resp.inquiry.product_rev);
 
   // Get capacity of device
   uint32_t const block_count = tuh_msc_get_block_count(dev_addr, cbw->lun);
   uint32_t const block_size = tuh_msc_get_block_size(dev_addr, cbw->lun);
 
-  printf("Disk Size: %" PRIu32 " MB\r\n", block_count / ((1024 * 1024) / block_size));
-  printf("Block Count = %" PRIu32 ", Block Size: %" PRIu32 "\r\n", block_count, block_size);
+  printf("Disk Size: %" PRIu32 " %" PRIu32 "-byte blocks: %" PRIu32 " MB\r\n",
+    block_count, block_size, block_count / ((1024 * 1024) / block_size));
 
   return true;
 }
diff --git a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/CMakeLists.txt
index 21703030c..c8d196447 100644
--- a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -23,13 +23,6 @@ target_sources(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
   ${TOP}/lib/fatfs/source/ffunicode.c
   )
 
-# Suppress warnings on fatfs
-if (CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU" OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
-  set_source_files_properties(${TOP}/lib/fatfs/source/ff.c PROPERTIES
-    COMPILE_FLAGS "-Wno-conversion -Wno-cast-qual"
-    )
-endif ()
-
 # Example include
 target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
@@ -40,3 +33,10 @@ target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC
 # Configure compilation flags and libraries for the example without RTOS.
 # See the corresponding function in hw/bsp/FAMILY/family.cmake for details.
 family_configure_host_example(${PROJECT_NAME} noos)
+
+# Suppress warnings on fatfs
+if (CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU" OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+  set_source_files_properties(${TOP}/lib/fatfs/source/ff.c PROPERTIES
+    COMPILE_OPTIONS "-Wno-conversion;-Wno-cast-qual"
+    )
+endif ()
diff --git a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/Makefile b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/Makefile
index 39d00d982..8c0b012ad 100644
--- a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/Makefile
+++ b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/Makefile
@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ SRC_C += \
   $(FATFS_PATH)/ffunicode.c \
 
 # suppress warning caused by fatfs
-CFLAGS_GCC += -Wno-error=cast-qual
+CFLAGS += -Wno-error=cast-qual
 
 include ../../../hw/bsp/family_rules.mk
diff --git a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/README.md b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e220bedea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# MSC File Explorer
+
+This host example implements an interactive command-line file browser for USB Mass Storage devices.
+When a USB flash drive is connected, the device is automatically mounted using FatFS and a shell-like
+CLI is presented over the board's serial console.
+
+## Features
+
+- Automatic mount/unmount of USB storage devices
+- FAT12/16/32 filesystem support via FatFS
+- Interactive CLI with command history
+- Read speed benchmarking with `dd`
+- Support for up to 4 simultaneous USB storage devices (via hub)
+
+## Supported Commands
+
+| Command | Usage              | Description                                          |
+|---------|--------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
+| help    | `help`             | Print list of available commands                     |
+| cat     | `cat <file>`       | Print file contents to the console                   |
+| cd      | `cd <dir>`         | Change current working directory                     |
+| cp      | `cp <src> <dest>`  | Copy a file                                          |
+| dd      | `dd [count]`       | Read sectors and report speed (default 1024 sectors) |
+| ls      | `ls [dir]`         | List directory contents                              |
+| pwd     | `pwd`              | Print current working directory                      |
+| mkdir   | `mkdir <dir>`      | Create a directory                                   |
+| mv      | `mv <src> <dest>`  | Rename/move a file or directory                      |
+| rm      | `rm <file>`        | Remove a file                                        |
+
+## Build
+
+Build for a specific board using CMake (see [Getting Started](https://docs.tinyusb.org/en/latest/getting_started.html)):
+
+```bash
+# Example: build for Raspberry Pi Pico
+cmake -B build -DBOARD=raspberry_pi_pico -DFAMILY=rp2040 examples/host/msc_file_explorer
+cmake --build build
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+1. Flash the firmware to your board.
+2. Open a serial terminal (e.g. `minicom`, `screen`, `PuTTY`) at 115200 baud.
+3. Plug a USB flash drive into the board's USB host port.
+4. The device is auto-mounted and the prompt appears:
+
+```
+TinyUSB MSC File Explorer Example
+
+Device connected
+  Vendor  : Kingston
+  Product : DataTraveler 2.0
+  Rev     : 1.0
+  Capacity: 1.9 GB
+
+0:/> _
+```
+
+### Browsing Files
+
+```
+0:/> ls
+----a    1234  readme.txt
+d----       0  photos
+d----       0  docs
+
+0:/> cd photos
+0:/photos> ls
+----a  520432  vacation.jpg
+----a  312088  family.png
+
+0:/> cat readme.txt
+Hello from USB drive!
+```
+
+### Copying and Moving Files
+
+```
+0:/> cp readme.txt backup.txt
+0:/> mv backup.txt docs/backup.txt
+```
+
+### Measuring Read Speed
+
+```
+0:/> dd
+Reading 1024 sectors...
+  Data speed: 823 KB/s
+```
+
+### Multiple Devices
+
+When using a USB hub, multiple drives are mounted as `0:`, `1:`, etc. Use the drive prefix to
+navigate between them:
+
+```
+0:/> cd 1:
+1:/> ls
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+This example is part of the TinyUSB HIL (Hardware-in-the-Loop) test suite. The HIL test
+automatically flashes, runs the example, and verifies MSC enumeration and file operations
+against a known USB drive.
diff --git a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/ffconf.h b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/ffconf.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c89136fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/ffconf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/  Configurations of FatFs Module
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FFCONF_DEF	80386	/* Revision ID */
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Function Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_FS_READONLY	0
+/* This option switches read-only configuration. (0:Read/Write or 1:Read-only)
+/  Read-only configuration removes writing API functions, f_write(), f_sync(),
+/  f_unlink(), f_mkdir(), f_chmod(), f_rename(), f_truncate(), f_getfree()
+/  and optional writing functions as well. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_MINIMIZE	0
+/* This option defines minimization level to remove some basic API functions.
+/
+/   0: Basic functions are fully enabled.
+/   1: f_stat(), f_getfree(), f_unlink(), f_mkdir(), f_truncate() and f_rename()
+/      are removed.
+/   2: f_opendir(), f_readdir() and f_closedir() are removed in addition to 1.
+/   3: f_lseek() function is removed in addition to 2. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FIND		0
+/* This option switches filtered directory read functions, f_findfirst() and
+/  f_findnext(). (0:Disable, 1:Enable 2:Enable with matching altname[] too) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_MKFS		0
+/* This option switches f_mkfs(). (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FASTSEEK	0
+/* This option switches fast seek feature. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_EXPAND	0
+/* This option switches f_expand(). (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_CHMOD	0
+/* This option switches attribute control API functions, f_chmod() and f_utime().
+/  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) Also FF_FS_READONLY needs to be 0 to enable this option. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_LABEL	0
+/* This option switches volume label API functions, f_getlabel() and f_setlabel().
+/  (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_FORWARD	0
+/* This option switches f_forward(). (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_STRFUNC	0
+#define FF_PRINT_LLI	0
+#define FF_PRINT_FLOAT	0
+#define FF_STRF_ENCODE	0
+/* FF_USE_STRFUNC switches string API functions, f_gets(), f_putc(), f_puts() and
+/  f_printf().
+/
+/   0: Disable. FF_PRINT_LLI, FF_PRINT_FLOAT and FF_STRF_ENCODE have no effect.
+/   1: Enable without LF-CRLF conversion.
+/   2: Enable with LF-CRLF conversion.
+/
+/  FF_PRINT_LLI = 1 makes f_printf() support long long argument and FF_PRINT_FLOAT = 1/2
+/  makes f_printf() support floating point argument. These features want C99 or later.
+/  When FF_LFN_UNICODE >= 1 with LFN enabled, string API functions convert the character
+/  encoding in it. FF_STRF_ENCODE selects assumption of character encoding ON THE FILE
+/  to be read/written via those functions.
+/
+/   0: ANSI/OEM in current CP
+/   1: Unicode in UTF-16LE
+/   2: Unicode in UTF-16BE
+/   3: Unicode in UTF-8
+*/
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Locale and Namespace Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_CODE_PAGE	437
+/* This option specifies the OEM code page to be used on the target system.
+/  Incorrect code page setting can cause a file open failure.
+/
+/   437 - U.S.
+/   720 - Arabic
+/   737 - Greek
+/   771 - KBL
+/   775 - Baltic
+/   850 - Latin 1
+/   852 - Latin 2
+/   855 - Cyrillic
+/   857 - Turkish
+/   860 - Portuguese
+/   861 - Icelandic
+/   862 - Hebrew
+/   863 - Canadian French
+/   864 - Arabic
+/   865 - Nordic
+/   866 - Russian
+/   869 - Greek 2
+/   932 - Japanese (DBCS)
+/   936 - Simplified Chinese (DBCS)
+/   949 - Korean (DBCS)
+/   950 - Traditional Chinese (DBCS)
+/     0 - Include all code pages above and configured by f_setcp()
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_USE_LFN		1
+#define FF_MAX_LFN		255
+/* The FF_USE_LFN switches the support for LFN (long file name).
+/
+/   0: Disable LFN. FF_MAX_LFN has no effect.
+/   1: Enable LFN with static working buffer on the BSS. Always NOT thread-safe.
+/   2: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the STACK.
+/   3: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the HEAP.
+/
+/  To enable the LFN, ffunicode.c needs to be added to the project. The LFN feature
+/  requiers certain internal working buffer occupies (FF_MAX_LFN + 1) * 2 bytes and
+/  additional (FF_MAX_LFN + 44) / 15 * 32 bytes when exFAT is enabled.
+/  The FF_MAX_LFN defines size of the working buffer in UTF-16 code unit and it can
+/  be in range of 12 to 255. It is recommended to be set 255 to fully support the LFN
+/  specification.
+/  When use stack for the working buffer, take care on stack overflow. When use heap
+/  memory for the working buffer, memory management functions, ff_memalloc() and
+/  ff_memfree() exemplified in ffsystem.c, need to be added to the project. */
+
+
+#define FF_LFN_UNICODE	0
+/* This option switches the character encoding on the API when LFN is enabled.
+/
+/   0: ANSI/OEM in current CP (TCHAR = char)
+/   1: Unicode in UTF-16 (TCHAR = WCHAR)
+/   2: Unicode in UTF-8 (TCHAR = char)
+/   3: Unicode in UTF-32 (TCHAR = DWORD)
+/
+/  Also behavior of string I/O functions will be affected by this option.
+/  When LFN is not enabled, this option has no effect. */
+
+
+#define FF_LFN_BUF		255
+#define FF_SFN_BUF		12
+/* This set of options defines size of file name members in the FILINFO structure
+/  which is used to read out directory items. These values should be sufficient for
+/  the file names to read. The maximum possible length of the read file name depends
+/  on character encoding. When LFN is not enabled, these options have no effect. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_RPATH		2
+/* This option configures support for relative path feature.
+/
+/   0: Disable relative path and remove related API functions.
+/   1: Enable relative path and dot names. f_chdir() and f_chdrive() are available.
+/   2: f_getcwd() is available in addition to 1.
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_PATH_DEPTH	10
+/*  This option defines maximum depth of directory in the exFAT volume. It is NOT
+/   relevant to FAT/FAT32 volume.
+/   For example, FF_PATH_DEPTH = 3 will able to follow a path "/dir1/dir2/dir3/file"
+/   but a sub-directory in the dir3 will not able to be followed and set current
+/   directory.
+/   The size of filesystem object (FATFS) increases FF_PATH_DEPTH * 24 bytes.
+/   When FF_FS_EXFAT == 0 or FF_FS_RPATH == 0, this option has no effect.
+*/
+
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ Drive/Volume Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_VOLUMES		4
+/* Number of volumes (logical drives) to be used. (1-10) */
+
+
+#define FF_STR_VOLUME_ID	0
+#define FF_VOLUME_STRS		"RAM","NAND","CF","SD","SD2","USB","USB2","USB3"
+/* FF_STR_VOLUME_ID switches support for volume ID in arbitrary strings.
+/  When FF_STR_VOLUME_ID is set to 1 or 2, arbitrary strings can be used as drive
+/  number in the path name. FF_VOLUME_STRS defines the volume ID strings for each
+/  logical drive. Number of items must not be less than FF_VOLUMES. Valid
+/  characters for the volume ID strings are A-Z, a-z and 0-9, however, they are
+/  compared in case-insensitive. If FF_STR_VOLUME_ID >= 1 and FF_VOLUME_STRS is
+/  not defined, a user defined volume string table is needed as:
+/
+/  const char* VolumeStr[FF_VOLUMES] = {"ram","flash","sd","usb",...
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_MULTI_PARTITION	0
+/* This option switches support for multiple volumes on the physical drive.
+/  By default (0), each logical drive number is bound to the same physical drive
+/  number and only an FAT volume found on the physical drive will be mounted.
+/  When this feature is enabled (1), each logical drive number can be bound to
+/  arbitrary physical drive and partition listed in the VolToPart[]. Also f_fdisk()
+/  will be available. */
+
+
+#define FF_MIN_SS		512
+#define FF_MAX_SS		512
+/* This set of options configures the range of sector size to be supported. (512,
+/  1024, 2048 or 4096) Always set both 512 for most systems, generic memory card and
+/  harddisk, but a larger value may be required for on-board flash memory and some
+/  type of optical media. When FF_MAX_SS is larger than FF_MIN_SS, FatFs is
+/  configured for variable sector size mode and disk_ioctl() needs to implement
+/  GET_SECTOR_SIZE command. */
+
+
+#define FF_LBA64		0
+/* This option switches support for 64-bit LBA. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable the 64-bit LBA, also exFAT needs to be enabled. (FF_FS_EXFAT == 1) */
+
+
+#define FF_MIN_GPT		0x10000000
+/* Minimum number of sectors to switch GPT as partitioning format in f_mkfs() and
+/  f_fdisk(). 2^32 sectors maximum. This option has no effect when FF_LBA64 == 0. */
+
+
+#define FF_USE_TRIM		0
+/* This option switches support for ATA-TRIM. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable this feature, also CTRL_TRIM command should be implemented to
+/  the disk_ioctl(). */
+
+
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
+/ System Configurations
+/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FF_FS_TINY		0
+/* This option switches tiny buffer configuration. (0:Normal or 1:Tiny)
+/  At the tiny configuration, size of file object (FIL) is reduced FF_MAX_SS bytes.
+/  Instead of private sector buffer eliminated from the file object, common sector
+/  buffer in the filesystem object (FATFS) is used for the file data transfer. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_EXFAT		0
+/* This option switches support for exFAT filesystem. (0:Disable or 1:Enable)
+/  To enable exFAT, also LFN needs to be enabled. (FF_USE_LFN >= 1)
+/  Note that enabling exFAT discards ANSI C (C89) compatibility. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_NORTC		1
+#define FF_NORTC_MON	1
+#define FF_NORTC_MDAY	1
+#define FF_NORTC_YEAR	2025
+/* The option FF_FS_NORTC switches timestamp feature. If the system does not have
+/  an RTC or valid timestamp is not needed, set FF_FS_NORTC = 1 to disable the
+/  timestamp feature. Every object modified by FatFs will have a fixed timestamp
+/  defined by FF_NORTC_MON, FF_NORTC_MDAY and FF_NORTC_YEAR in local time.
+/  To enable timestamp function (FF_FS_NORTC = 0), get_fattime() need to be added
+/  to the project to read current time form real-time clock. FF_NORTC_MON,
+/  FF_NORTC_MDAY and FF_NORTC_YEAR have no effect.
+/  These options have no effect in read-only configuration (FF_FS_READONLY = 1). */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_CRTIME	0
+/* This option enables(1)/disables(0) the timestamp of the file created. When
+/  set 1, the file created time is available in FILINFO structure. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_NOFSINFO	0
+/* If you need to know the correct free space on the FAT32 volume, set bit 0 of
+/  this option, and f_getfree() on the first time after volume mount will force
+/  a full FAT scan. Bit 1 controls the use of last allocated cluster number.
+/
+/  bit0=0: Use free cluster count in the FSINFO if available.
+/  bit0=1: Do not trust free cluster count in the FSINFO.
+/  bit1=0: Use last allocated cluster number in the FSINFO if available.
+/  bit1=1: Do not trust last allocated cluster number in the FSINFO.
+*/
+
+
+#define FF_FS_LOCK		0
+/* The option FF_FS_LOCK switches file lock function to control duplicated file open
+/  and illegal operation to open objects. This option must be 0 when FF_FS_READONLY
+/  is 1.
+/
+/  0:  Disable file lock function. To avoid volume corruption, application program
+/      should avoid illegal open, remove and rename to the open objects.
+/  >0: Enable file lock function. The value defines how many files/sub-directories
+/      can be opened simultaneously under file lock control. Note that the file
+/      lock control is independent of re-entrancy. */
+
+
+#define FF_FS_REENTRANT	0
+#define FF_FS_TIMEOUT	1000
+/* The option FF_FS_REENTRANT switches the re-entrancy (thread safe) of the FatFs
+/  module itself. Note that regardless of this option, file access to different
+/  volume is always re-entrant and volume control functions, f_mount(), f_mkfs()
+/  and f_fdisk(), are always not re-entrant. Only file/directory access to
+/  the same volume is under control of this featuer.
+/
+/   0: Disable re-entrancy. FF_FS_TIMEOUT have no effect.
+/   1: Enable re-entrancy. Also user provided synchronization handlers,
+/      ff_mutex_create(), ff_mutex_delete(), ff_mutex_take() and ff_mutex_give(),
+/      must be added to the project. Samples are available in ffsystem.c.
+/
+/  The FF_FS_TIMEOUT defines timeout period in unit of O/S time tick.
+*/
+
+
+
+/*--- End of configuration options ---*/
diff --git a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/main.c b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/main.c
index f6bf9a60a..07515e626 100644
--- a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/main.c
+++ b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/main.c
@@ -23,39 +23,6 @@
  *
  */
 
-/* Example to show how to navigate mass storage device with built-in command line.
- * Type help for list of supported commands and syntax (mostly linux commands)
-
- > help
- * help
-        Print list of commands
- * cat
-        Usage: cat [FILE]...
-        Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output..
- * cd
-        Usage: cd [DIR]...
-        Change the current directory to DIR.
- * cp
-        Usage: cp SOURCE DEST
-        Copy SOURCE to DEST.
- * ls
-        Usage: ls [DIR]...
-        List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
- * pwd
-        Usage: pwd
-        Print the name of the current working directory.
- * mkdir
-        Usage: mkdir DIR...
-        Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist..
- * mv
-        Usage: mv SOURCE DEST...
-        Rename SOURCE to DEST.
- * rm
-        Usage: rm [FILE]...
-        Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
- */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include "bsp/board_api.h"
diff --git a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/msc_app.c b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/msc_app.c
index 238af5431..3f15bb84f 100644
--- a/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/msc_app.c
+++ b/examples/host/msc_file_explorer/src/msc_app.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 #define CLI_RX_BUFFER_SIZE  16
 #define CLI_CMD_BUFFER_SIZE 64
 #define CLI_HISTORY_SIZE    32
-#define CLI_BINDING_COUNT   8
+#define CLI_BINDING_COUNT   9
 
 static EmbeddedCli *_cli;
 static CLI_UINT     cli_buffer[BYTES_TO_CLI_UINTS(CLI_BUFFER_SIZE)];
@@ -56,7 +56,11 @@ static CFG_TUH_MEM_SECTION FATFS fatfs[CFG_TUH_DEVICE_MAX]; // for simplicity on
 static volatile bool              _disk_busy[CFG_TUH_DEVICE_MAX];
 
 static CFG_TUH_MEM_SECTION FIL     file1, file2;
-static CFG_TUH_MEM_SECTION uint8_t rw_buf[512];
+
+#ifndef CFG_EXAMPLE_MSC_FILE_EXPLORER_RW_BUFSIZE
+#define CFG_EXAMPLE_MSC_FILE_EXPLORER_RW_BUFSIZE 4096
+#endif
+static CFG_TUH_MEM_SECTION uint8_t rw_buf[CFG_EXAMPLE_MSC_FILE_EXPLORER_RW_BUFSIZE];
 
 // define the buffer to be place in USB/DMA memory with correct alignment/cache line size
 CFG_TUH_MEM_SECTION static struct {
@@ -114,15 +118,15 @@ static bool inquiry_complete_cb(uint8_t dev_addr, const tuh_msc_complete_data_t
   }
 
   // Print out Vendor ID, Product ID and Rev
-  printf("%.8s %.16s rev %.4s\r\n", scsi_resp.inquiry.vendor_id, scsi_resp.inquiry.product_id,
+  printf("%.8s %.16s %.4s\r\n", scsi_resp.inquiry.vendor_id, scsi_resp.inquiry.product_id,
          scsi_resp.inquiry.product_rev);
 
   // Get capacity of device
   const uint32_t block_count = tuh_msc_get_block_count(dev_addr, cbw->lun);
   const uint32_t block_size  = tuh_msc_get_block_size(dev_addr, cbw->lun);
 
-  printf("Disk Size: %" PRIu32 " MB\r\n", block_count / ((1024 * 1024) / block_size));
-  // printf("Block Count = %lu, Block Size: %lu\r\n", block_count, block_size);
+  printf("Disk Size: %" PRIu32 " %" PRIu32 "-byte blocks: %" PRIu32 " MB\r\n",
+    block_count, block_size, block_count / ((1024 * 1024) / block_size));
 
   // For simplicity: we only mount 1 LUN per device
   const uint8_t drive_num     = dev_addr - 1;
@@ -256,7 +260,7 @@ DRESULT disk_ioctl(BYTE  pdrv, /* Physical drive nmuber (0..) */
       return RES_OK;
 
     case GET_SECTOR_COUNT:
-      *((DWORD *)buff) = (WORD)tuh_msc_get_block_count(dev_addr, lun);
+      *((DWORD *)buff) = (DWORD)tuh_msc_get_block_count(dev_addr, lun);
       return RES_OK;
 
     case GET_SECTOR_SIZE:
@@ -279,6 +283,7 @@ DRESULT disk_ioctl(BYTE  pdrv, /* Physical drive nmuber (0..) */
 void cli_cmd_cat(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context);
 void cli_cmd_cd(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context);
 void cli_cmd_cp(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context);
+void cli_cmd_dd(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context);
 void cli_cmd_ls(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context);
 void cli_cmd_pwd(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context);
 void cli_cmd_mkdir(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context);
@@ -316,6 +321,9 @@ bool cli_init(void) {
   embeddedCliAddBinding(_cli, (CliCommandBinding){"cp", "Usage: cp SOURCE DEST\r\n\tCopy SOURCE to DEST.", true, NULL,
                                                   cli_cmd_cp});
 
+  embeddedCliAddBinding(_cli, (CliCommandBinding){"dd", "Usage: dd [COUNT]\r\n\t" "Read COUNT sectors (default 1024) and report speed.", true, NULL,
+                                                  cli_cmd_dd});
+
   embeddedCliAddBinding(_cli, (CliCommandBinding){"ls",
                                                   "Usage: ls [DIR]...\r\n\tList information about the FILEs (the "
                                                   "current directory by default).",
@@ -339,6 +347,69 @@ bool cli_init(void) {
   return true;
 }
 
+void cli_cmd_dd(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context) {
+  (void)cli;
+  (void)context;
+
+  uint32_t count = 1024; // default sectors to read
+  if (embeddedCliGetTokenCount(args) >= 1) {
+    count = (uint32_t)atoi(embeddedCliGetToken(args, 1));
+    if (count == 0) {
+      count = 1024;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // find first mounted MSC device
+  uint8_t dev_addr = 0;
+  for (uint8_t i = 1; i <= CFG_TUH_DEVICE_MAX; i++) {
+    if (tuh_msc_mounted(i)) {
+      dev_addr = i;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (dev_addr == 0) {
+    printf("no MSC device mounted\r\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t  lun         = 0;
+  const uint32_t block_size  = tuh_msc_get_block_size(dev_addr, lun);
+  const uint32_t block_count = tuh_msc_get_block_count(dev_addr, lun);
+  if (count > block_count) {
+    count = block_count;
+  }
+
+  const uint16_t sectors_per_xfer = (uint16_t)(sizeof(rw_buf) / block_size);
+  const uint32_t xfer_count = (count + sectors_per_xfer - 1) / sectors_per_xfer;
+
+  printf("dd: reading %" PRIu32 " sectors (%" PRIu32 " bytes), %u sectors/xfer ...\r\n",
+         count, count * block_size, sectors_per_xfer);
+
+  const uint32_t start_ms = tusb_time_millis_api();
+  const uint8_t  pdrv     = dev_addr - 1;
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i += sectors_per_xfer) {
+    const uint16_t n = (uint16_t)((count - i < sectors_per_xfer) ? (count - i) : sectors_per_xfer);
+    _disk_busy[pdrv] = true;
+    tuh_msc_read10(dev_addr, lun, rw_buf, i, n, disk_io_complete, 0);
+    wait_for_disk_io(pdrv);
+  }
+
+  const uint32_t elapsed_ms = tusb_time_millis_api() - start_ms;
+  const uint32_t total_data = count * block_size;
+  // each SCSI transaction has 31-byte CBW + data + 13-byte CSW
+  const uint32_t total_bus = total_data + xfer_count * (31 + 13);
+
+  if (elapsed_ms > 0) {
+    const uint32_t data_kbs = total_data / elapsed_ms; // KB/s (bytes/ms = KB/s)
+    const uint32_t bus_kbs  = total_bus / elapsed_ms;
+    printf("dd: %" PRIu32 " bytes in %" PRIu32 " ms = %" PRIu32 " KB/s (bus %" PRIu32 " KB/s)\r\n",
+           total_data, elapsed_ms, data_kbs, bus_kbs);
+  } else {
+    printf("dd: %" PRIu32 " bytes in <1 ms\r\n", total_data);
+  }
+}
+
 void cli_cmd_cat(EmbeddedCli *cli, char *args, void *context) {
   (void)cli;
   (void)context;