/* * The MIT License (MIT) * * Copyright (c) 2026 Saulo Verissimo * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN * THE SOFTWARE. */ #include #include #include "bsp/board_api.h" #include "tusb.h" #include "class/midi/midi2_device.h" //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // MIDI 2.0 UMP Message Type Constants (M2-104-UM, Section 4) //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Message Type (MT) occupies bits 31-28 of Word 0 #define UMP_MT_UTILITY 0x00000000 // 32-bit: Utility (NOOP, JR Clock, JR Timestamp) #define UMP_MT_SYSTEM 0x10000000 // 32-bit: System Common / Real Time #define UMP_MT_MIDI1_CV 0x20000000 // 32-bit: MIDI 1.0 Channel Voice #define UMP_MT_DATA64 0x30000000 // 64-bit: Data (SysEx 7-bit) #define UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV 0x40000000 // 64-bit: MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice #define UMP_MT_DATA128 0x50000000 // 128-bit: Data (SysEx 8-bit) // MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice status (bits 23-20 of Word 0) #define UMP_STATUS_NOTE_OFF 0x00800000 #define UMP_STATUS_NOTE_ON 0x00900000 #define UMP_STATUS_POLY_PRESSURE 0x00A00000 #define UMP_STATUS_CC 0x00B00000 #define UMP_STATUS_PROGRAM 0x00C00000 #define UMP_STATUS_CHAN_PRESSURE 0x00D00000 #define UMP_STATUS_PITCH_BEND 0x00E00000 #define UMP_STATUS_PN_MGMT 0x00F00000 // Per-Note Management // Note Attribute Types (MIDI 2.0 spec, Section 4.2.6) #define UMP_ATTR_NONE 0x00 #define UMP_ATTR_MANUFACTURER 0x01 #define UMP_ATTR_PROFILE 0x02 #define UMP_ATTR_PITCH_7_9 0x03 // Pitch 7.9 format //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // MIDI 2.0 UMP Builders - Full Spec Coverage //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Helper: send a 64-bit UMP (2 words) static inline void ump_send_64(uint32_t w0, uint32_t w1) { uint32_t words[2] = { w0, w1 }; tud_midi2_ump_write(words, 2); } // Helper: send a 32-bit UMP (1 word) static inline void ump_send_32(uint32_t w0) { tud_midi2_ump_write(&w0, 1); } // -- Utility Messages (MT=0x0, 32-bit) -- static inline void ump_jr_timestamp(uint16_t timestamp) { // Word 0: [MT(0x0) | Group(0) | Status(0x0020) | Timestamp(16-bit)] ump_send_32(UMP_MT_UTILITY | 0x00200000 | (uint32_t)timestamp); } // -- MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice: Note On (MT=0x4, 64-bit) -- // Word 0: [MT(4):Group(4):Status(4):Channel(4):NoteNumber(8):AttrType(8)] // Word 1: [Velocity(16):Attribute(16)] static inline void ump_note_on(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t pitch, uint16_t velocity, uint8_t attr_type, uint16_t attr_val) { uint32_t w0 = UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | UMP_STATUS_NOTE_ON | ((uint32_t)(channel & 0x0F) << 16) | ((uint32_t)(pitch & 0x7F) << 8) | (uint32_t)(attr_type & 0xFF); uint32_t w1 = ((uint32_t)(velocity & 0xFFFF) << 16) | (uint32_t)(attr_val & 0xFFFF); ump_send_64(w0, w1); } // -- MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice: Note Off (MT=0x4, 64-bit) -- static inline void ump_note_off(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t pitch, uint16_t velocity, uint8_t attr_type, uint16_t attr_val) { uint32_t w0 = UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | UMP_STATUS_NOTE_OFF | ((uint32_t)(channel & 0x0F) << 16) | ((uint32_t)(pitch & 0x7F) << 8) | (uint32_t)(attr_type & 0xFF); uint32_t w1 = ((uint32_t)(velocity & 0xFFFF) << 16) | (uint32_t)(attr_val & 0xFFFF); ump_send_64(w0, w1); } // -- MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice: Control Change (MT=0x4, 64-bit) -- // Word 0: [MT(4):Group(4):Status(0xB):Channel(4):Index(8):Reserved(8)] // Word 1: [Data(32)] -- full 32-bit CC resolution (vs 7-bit MIDI 1.0) static inline void ump_cc(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t index, uint32_t value) { uint32_t w0 = UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | UMP_STATUS_CC | ((uint32_t)(channel & 0x0F) << 16) | ((uint32_t)(index & 0x7F) << 8); ump_send_64(w0, value); } // -- MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice: Program Change (MT=0x4, 64-bit) -- // Word 0: [MT(4):Group(4):Status(0xC):Channel(4):Reserved(8):OptionFlags(8)] // Word 1: [Program(8):Reserved(8):BankMSB(8):BankLSB(8)] // OptionFlags bit 0 = Bank Valid static inline void ump_program_change(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t program, bool bank_valid, uint8_t bank_msb, uint8_t bank_lsb) { uint8_t flags = bank_valid ? 0x01 : 0x00; uint32_t w0 = UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | UMP_STATUS_PROGRAM | ((uint32_t)(channel & 0x0F) << 16) | (uint32_t)flags; uint32_t w1 = ((uint32_t)program << 24) | ((uint32_t)bank_msb << 8) | (uint32_t)bank_lsb; ump_send_64(w0, w1); } // -- MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice: Pitch Bend (MT=0x4, 64-bit) -- // Word 0: [MT(4):Group(4):Status(0xE):Channel(4):Reserved(16)] // Word 1: [PitchBend(32)] -- full 32-bit (vs 14-bit MIDI 1.0!) // 0x80000000 = center, 0x00000000 = min, 0xFFFFFFFF = max static inline void ump_pitch_bend(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint32_t value) { uint32_t w0 = UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | UMP_STATUS_PITCH_BEND | ((uint32_t)(channel & 0x0F) << 16); ump_send_64(w0, value); } // -- MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice: Channel Pressure / Aftertouch (MT=0x4, 64-bit) -- // Word 0: [MT(4):Group(4):Status(0xD):Channel(4):Reserved(16)] // Word 1: [Pressure(32)] -- full 32-bit (vs 7-bit MIDI 1.0) static inline void ump_channel_pressure(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint32_t pressure) { uint32_t w0 = UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | UMP_STATUS_CHAN_PRESSURE | ((uint32_t)(channel & 0x0F) << 16); ump_send_64(w0, pressure); } // -- MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice: Poly Pressure / Per-Note Aftertouch -- // Word 0: [MT(4):Group(4):Status(0xA):Channel(4):NoteNumber(8):Reserved(8)] // Word 1: [Pressure(32)] static inline void ump_poly_pressure(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t pitch, uint32_t pressure) { uint32_t w0 = UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | UMP_STATUS_POLY_PRESSURE | ((uint32_t)(channel & 0x0F) << 16) | ((uint32_t)(pitch & 0x7F) << 8); ump_send_64(w0, pressure); } // -- MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice: Per-Note Management (MT=0x4, 64-bit) -- // Exclusive to MIDI 2.0: controls per-note behavior // Word 0: [MT(4):Group(4):Status(0xF):Channel(4):NoteNumber(8):Flags(8)] // Word 1: Reserved // Flags bit 1 = Reset (S), bit 0 = Detach (D) static inline void ump_per_note_mgmt(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t pitch, bool detach, bool reset) { uint8_t flags = (reset ? 0x02 : 0x00) | (detach ? 0x01 : 0x00); uint32_t w0 = UMP_MT_MIDI2_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | UMP_STATUS_PN_MGMT | ((uint32_t)(channel & 0x0F) << 16) | ((uint32_t)(pitch & 0x7F) << 8) | (uint32_t)flags; ump_send_64(w0, 0x00000000); } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // MIDI 1.0 Channel Voice Builders (UMP MT 0x2, 32-bit) //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Used on Alt 1 when negotiated protocol is MIDI 1.0. // Word layout: [MT(0x2) | Group(4b) | Status(8b) | Data1(8b) | Data2(8b)] // Status nibbles: 0x8=NoteOff, 0x9=NoteOn, 0xA=PolyPress, 0xB=CC, // 0xC=ProgChg, 0xD=ChanPress, 0xE=PitchBend. static inline void ump_midi1_send(uint8_t group, uint8_t status, uint8_t data1, uint8_t data2) { uint32_t w = UMP_MT_MIDI1_CV | ((uint32_t)(group & 0x0F) << 24) | ((uint32_t)status << 16) | ((uint32_t)data1 << 8) | (uint32_t)data2; ump_send_32(w); } static inline void ump_midi1_note_on(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t note, uint8_t vel7) { ump_midi1_send(group, 0x90 | (channel & 0x0F), note & 0x7F, vel7 & 0x7F); } static inline void ump_midi1_note_off(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t note, uint8_t vel7) { ump_midi1_send(group, 0x80 | (channel & 0x0F), note & 0x7F, vel7 & 0x7F); } static inline void ump_midi1_cc(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t cc, uint8_t val7) { ump_midi1_send(group, 0xB0 | (channel & 0x0F), cc & 0x7F, val7 & 0x7F); } static inline void ump_midi1_program(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t program) { ump_midi1_send(group, 0xC0 | (channel & 0x0F), program & 0x7F, 0); } static inline void ump_midi1_pitch_bend(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint16_t value14) { // 14-bit pitch bend: LSB first, then MSB. Center = 0x2000. ump_midi1_send(group, 0xE0 | (channel & 0x0F), (uint8_t)(value14 & 0x7F), (uint8_t)((value14 >> 7) & 0x7F)); } static inline void ump_midi1_channel_pressure(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t val7) { ump_midi1_send(group, 0xD0 | (channel & 0x0F), val7 & 0x7F, 0); } static inline void ump_midi1_poly_pressure(uint8_t group, uint8_t channel, uint8_t note, uint8_t val7) { ump_midi1_send(group, 0xA0 | (channel & 0x0F), note & 0x7F, val7 & 0x7F); } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // USB-MIDI 1.0 32-bit Event Packet Builders (Alt 0 transport) //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Used on Alt 0 (USB-MIDI 1.0). Each packet is 4 raw bytes: // [(Cable << 4) | CIN] [Status] [Data1] [Data2] // CIN = Code Index Number. See USB-MIDI 1.0 spec Section 4. static inline void midi1_pkt_send(uint8_t cable, uint8_t cin, uint8_t status, uint8_t data1, uint8_t data2) { uint8_t packet[4] = { (uint8_t)(((cable & 0x0F) << 4) | (cin & 0x0F)), status, data1, data2 }; (void) tud_midi2_packet_write(packet, 1); } static inline void midi1_pkt_note_on(uint8_t cable, uint8_t channel, uint8_t note, uint8_t vel7) { midi1_pkt_send(cable, 0x9, 0x90 | (channel & 0x0F), note & 0x7F, vel7 & 0x7F); } static inline void midi1_pkt_note_off(uint8_t cable, uint8_t channel, uint8_t note, uint8_t vel7) { midi1_pkt_send(cable, 0x8, 0x80 | (channel & 0x0F), note & 0x7F, vel7 & 0x7F); } static inline void midi1_pkt_cc(uint8_t cable, uint8_t channel, uint8_t cc, uint8_t val7) { midi1_pkt_send(cable, 0xB, 0xB0 | (channel & 0x0F), cc & 0x7F, val7 & 0x7F); } static inline void midi1_pkt_program(uint8_t cable, uint8_t channel, uint8_t program) { midi1_pkt_send(cable, 0xC, 0xC0 | (channel & 0x0F), program & 0x7F, 0); } static inline void midi1_pkt_pitch_bend(uint8_t cable, uint8_t channel, uint16_t value14) { midi1_pkt_send(cable, 0xE, 0xE0 | (channel & 0x0F), (uint8_t)(value14 & 0x7F), (uint8_t)((value14 >> 7) & 0x7F)); } static inline void midi1_pkt_channel_pressure(uint8_t cable, uint8_t channel, uint8_t val7) { midi1_pkt_send(cable, 0xD, 0xD0 | (channel & 0x0F), val7 & 0x7F, 0); } static inline void midi1_pkt_poly_pressure(uint8_t cable, uint8_t channel, uint8_t note, uint8_t val7) { midi1_pkt_send(cable, 0xA, 0xA0 | (channel & 0x0F), note & 0x7F, val7 & 0x7F); } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Scaling Helpers (MIDI 2.0 ↔ MIDI 1.0) //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ static inline uint8_t scale_vel16_to_vel7(uint16_t v16) { return (uint8_t)(v16 >> 9); } static inline uint8_t scale_val32_to_val7(uint32_t v32) { return (uint8_t)(v32 >> 25); } static inline uint16_t scale_pb32_to_pb14(uint32_t pb32) { return (uint16_t)(pb32 >> 18); } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Dispatch Layer - Transport + Protocol Fallback //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Follows the same idea as the UAC examples (`tud_descriptor_configuration_cb` // returning UAC1 or UAC2 based on bus speed): pick the path that matches the // state the host put us in. Here the decision is made per message because // MIDI 2.0 advertises both alts in a single config descriptor; the host // selects via SetInterface and UMP Stream protocol negotiation. static void send_note_on(uint8_t grp, uint8_t ch, uint8_t note, uint16_t vel16) { uint8_t alt = tud_midi2_alt_setting(); if (alt == 0) { midi1_pkt_note_on(grp, ch, note, scale_vel16_to_vel7(vel16)); } else if (tud_midi2_protocol() == MIDI_PROTOCOL_MIDI1) { ump_midi1_note_on(grp, ch, note, scale_vel16_to_vel7(vel16)); } else { ump_note_on(grp, ch, note, vel16, UMP_ATTR_NONE, 0); } } static void send_note_off(uint8_t grp, uint8_t ch, uint8_t note, uint16_t vel16) { uint8_t alt = tud_midi2_alt_setting(); if (alt == 0) { midi1_pkt_note_off(grp, ch, note, scale_vel16_to_vel7(vel16)); } else if (tud_midi2_protocol() == MIDI_PROTOCOL_MIDI1) { ump_midi1_note_off(grp, ch, note, scale_vel16_to_vel7(vel16)); } else { ump_note_off(grp, ch, note, vel16, UMP_ATTR_NONE, 0); } } static void send_cc(uint8_t grp, uint8_t ch, uint8_t cc, uint32_t val32) { uint8_t alt = tud_midi2_alt_setting(); if (alt == 0) { midi1_pkt_cc(grp, ch, cc, scale_val32_to_val7(val32)); } else if (tud_midi2_protocol() == MIDI_PROTOCOL_MIDI1) { ump_midi1_cc(grp, ch, cc, scale_val32_to_val7(val32)); } else { ump_cc(grp, ch, cc, val32); } } static void send_program_change(uint8_t grp, uint8_t ch, uint8_t program, bool with_bank, uint8_t bank_msb, uint8_t bank_lsb) { uint8_t alt = tud_midi2_alt_setting(); if (alt == 0) { if (with_bank) { midi1_pkt_cc(grp, ch, 0x00, bank_msb); midi1_pkt_cc(grp, ch, 0x20, bank_lsb); } midi1_pkt_program(grp, ch, program); } else if (tud_midi2_protocol() == MIDI_PROTOCOL_MIDI1) { if (with_bank) { ump_midi1_cc(grp, ch, 0x00, bank_msb); ump_midi1_cc(grp, ch, 0x20, bank_lsb); } ump_midi1_program(grp, ch, program); } else { ump_program_change(grp, ch, program, with_bank, bank_msb, bank_lsb); } } static void send_pitch_bend(uint8_t grp, uint8_t ch, uint32_t pb32) { uint8_t alt = tud_midi2_alt_setting(); if (alt == 0) { midi1_pkt_pitch_bend(grp, ch, scale_pb32_to_pb14(pb32)); } else if (tud_midi2_protocol() == MIDI_PROTOCOL_MIDI1) { ump_midi1_pitch_bend(grp, ch, scale_pb32_to_pb14(pb32)); } else { ump_pitch_bend(grp, ch, pb32); } } static void send_channel_pressure(uint8_t grp, uint8_t ch, uint32_t val32) { uint8_t alt = tud_midi2_alt_setting(); if (alt == 0) { midi1_pkt_channel_pressure(grp, ch, scale_val32_to_val7(val32)); } else if (tud_midi2_protocol() == MIDI_PROTOCOL_MIDI1) { ump_midi1_channel_pressure(grp, ch, scale_val32_to_val7(val32)); } else { ump_channel_pressure(grp, ch, val32); } } static void send_poly_pressure(uint8_t grp, uint8_t ch, uint8_t note, uint32_t val32) { uint8_t alt = tud_midi2_alt_setting(); if (alt == 0) { midi1_pkt_poly_pressure(grp, ch, note, scale_val32_to_val7(val32)); } else if (tud_midi2_protocol() == MIDI_PROTOCOL_MIDI1) { ump_midi1_poly_pressure(grp, ch, note, scale_val32_to_val7(val32)); } else { ump_poly_pressure(grp, ch, note, val32); } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Song Data //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Extended note event with MIDI 2.0 expression data typedef struct { uint8_t pitch; // MIDI pitch (0-127, 0=rest) uint16_t duration_ms; // Duration in ms uint16_t velocity; // 16-bit velocity (MIDI 2.0) uint32_t pressure; // 32-bit aftertouch (0 = none) int16_t bend_cents; // Pitch bend in cents (0 = none, for vibrato/ornaments) } midi2_note_t; // 16-bit velocity (MIDI 2.0): values that have NO 7-bit equivalent. // MIDI 1.0 can only express 128 levels (0x0000, 0x0200, 0x0400 ... 0xFE00). // These use the full 16-bit range to prove genuine MIDI 2.0 resolution. #define V_PPP 0x0A3D // 2621 - between MIDI1 vel 5 and 6 #define V_PP 0x1C71 // 7281 - between MIDI1 vel 14 and 15 #define V_P 0x3219 // 12825 - between MIDI1 vel 24 and 25 #define V_MP 0x4F5C // 20316 - between MIDI1 vel 39 and 40 #define V_MF 0x6E93 // 28307 - between MIDI1 vel 55 and 56 #define V_F 0x8DA5 // 36261 - between MIDI1 vel 70 and 71 #define V_FF 0xAC37 // 44087 - between MIDI1 vel 85 and 86 #define V_FFF 0xDEB8 // 57016 - between MIDI1 vel 111 and 112 // Twinkle Twinkle Little Star - Traditional // Tempo: 120 BPM (500ms per quarter note) // Key: C major, 4/4 // Demonstrates all MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice features: // 16-bit velocity, 32-bit CC, 32-bit pitch bend, // 32-bit channel pressure, per-note poly pressure, // per-note management, program change with bank select, // JR timestamps static const midi2_note_t song_data[] = { // Phrase 1: "Twin-kle twin-kle lit-tle star" (C C G G A A G-) // Crescendo pp -> mp, gentle entry { .pitch = 60, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_PP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // C4 { .pitch = 60, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_P, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // C4 { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // G4 { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // G4 { .pitch = 69, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x1A3D7E5F, .bend_cents = 0 }, // A4 (32-bit pressure) { .pitch = 69, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x2B851EB9, .bend_cents = 0 }, // A4 (pressure swell) { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 1000,.velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x3C6EF373, .bend_cents = 7 }, // G4 (half, bend 7 cents) // Phrase 2: "How I won-der what you are" (F F E E D D C-) // mf, sustained { .pitch = 65, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // F4 { .pitch = 65, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // F4 { .pitch = 64, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x1E4C2B7A, .bend_cents = 0 }, // E4 { .pitch = 64, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x2D5A8FC1, .bend_cents = 0 }, // E4 (aftertouch swell) { .pitch = 62, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // D4 { .pitch = 62, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // D4 { .pitch = 60, .duration_ms = 1000,.velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // C4 (half, resolve) // Phrase 3: "Up a-bove the world so high" (G G F F E E D-) // f, building intensity { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_F, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // G4 { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_F, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // G4 { .pitch = 65, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_F, .pressure = 0x2F8A4E13, .bend_cents = 0 }, // F4 { .pitch = 65, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x41B2C9D7, .bend_cents = 0 }, // F4 (triggers poly pressure) { .pitch = 64, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // E4 { .pitch = 64, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // E4 { .pitch = 62, .duration_ms = 1000,.velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x537DC2A6, .bend_cents = 13 }, // D4 (half, vibrato 13 cents) // Phrase 4: "Like a dia-mond in the sky" (G G F F E E D-) // ff, expressive peak { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_FF, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // G4 { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_FF, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // G4 { .pitch = 65, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_F, .pressure = 0x44E7B8D2, .bend_cents = 0 }, // F4 (triggers poly pressure) { .pitch = 65, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_F, .pressure = 0x56A3F14B, .bend_cents = 0 }, // F4 (triggers poly pressure) { .pitch = 64, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x2C8E1F5A, .bend_cents = 0 }, // E4 { .pitch = 64, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x1D73A4E8, .bend_cents = 0 }, // E4 { .pitch = 62, .duration_ms = 1000,.velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0x63F5B17D, .bend_cents = 19 }, // D4 (half, vibrato 19 cents) // Phrase 5: "Twin-kle twin-kle lit-tle star" (C C G G A A G-) // Diminuendo mf -> mp { .pitch = 60, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // C4 { .pitch = 60, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MF, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // C4 { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // G4 { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // G4 { .pitch = 69, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0x1B4F6D83, .bend_cents = 0 }, // A4 { .pitch = 69, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_P, .pressure = 0x0E29C5A1, .bend_cents = 0 }, // A4 { .pitch = 67, .duration_ms = 1000,.velocity = V_P, .pressure = 0x2A6D3B9E, .bend_cents = 5 }, // G4 (half, gentle bend 5 cents) // Phrase 6: "How I won-der what you are" (F F E E D D C-) // Dying away mp -> ppp { .pitch = 65, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_MP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // F4 { .pitch = 65, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_P, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // F4 { .pitch = 64, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_P, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // E4 { .pitch = 64, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_PP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // E4 { .pitch = 62, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_PP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // D4 { .pitch = 62, .duration_ms = 500, .velocity = V_PPP, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // D4 { .pitch = 60, .duration_ms = 2000,.velocity = V_PPP, .pressure = 0x07A1E3C9, .bend_cents = 0 }, // C4 (fermata) // Silence before loop { .pitch = 0, .duration_ms = 1000,.velocity = 0, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, // End marker { .pitch = 0, .duration_ms = 0, .velocity = 0, .pressure = 0, .bend_cents = 0 }, }; #define SONG_LENGTH (sizeof(song_data) / sizeof(midi2_note_t)) //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Song Playback State Machine //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ typedef struct { uint32_t current_note_idx; uint32_t note_start_ms; uint8_t active_pitch; bool note_is_active; bool setup_sent; // Initial setup (Program Change, CC) sent? uint32_t loop_count; } song_state_t; static song_state_t song = { 0 }; // Forward declarations void update_song_playback(uint32_t now_ms); void send_initial_setup(void); //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // MIDI 2.0 Device Callbacks (override weak stubs from middleware) //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ void tud_midi2_rx_cb(uint8_t itf) { // Drain the RX FIFO in a loop until empty. Leaving words in the FIFO // across callbacks can prevent subsequent bulk OUT transfers from landing. uint32_t words[8]; uint32_t n; while ((n = tud_midi2_n_ump_read(itf, words, TU_ARRAY_SIZE(words))) > 0) { (void) n; } } // Reset playback state and re-send setup when host switches alt setting or // renegotiates the UMP Stream protocol. void tud_midi2_set_itf_cb(uint8_t itf, uint8_t alt) { (void)itf; song.setup_sent = false; printf("[ALT] Host selected alt=%u\r\n", (unsigned)alt); } // PROTOTYPE: two Function Blocks with independent directions. // FB0: output only, group 0 FB1: input only, group 1 static const uint8_t gtb_two_blocks[] = { TUD_MIDI2_GTB_HEADER(2), TUD_MIDI2_GTB_BLOCK(1, MIDI2_GTB_OUTPUT_ONLY, 0, 1, 0), // block 1: group 0 TUD_MIDI2_GTB_BLOCK(2, MIDI2_GTB_INPUT_ONLY, 1, 1, 0), // block 2: group 1 }; const uint8_t* tud_midi2_gtb_desc_cb(uint8_t itf, uint16_t* len) { (void)itf; *len = sizeof(gtb_two_blocks); return gtb_two_blocks; } const char* tud_midi2_fb_name_cb(uint8_t itf, uint8_t fb_idx) { (void)itf; return (fb_idx == 0) ? "Synth Out" : "Keys In"; } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Initial Setup - Program Change, CC, Per-Note Management //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ void send_initial_setup(void) { // JR Timestamp is UMP-only (Utility MT 0x0); skipped on Alt 0 transport. if (tud_midi2_alt_setting() == 1) ump_jr_timestamp(0x0001); send_program_change(0, 0, 0, true, 0, 0); send_cc(0, 0, 7, 0xCCCCCCCC); // Volume 80% send_cc(0, 0, 11, 0xFFFFFFFF); // Expression 100% send_cc(0, 0, 64, 0x00000000); // Sustain off send_cc(0, 0, 1, 0x20000000); // Modulation send_cc(0, 0, 10, 0x80000000); // Pan center // Per-Note Management is MIDI 2.0 exclusive (MT 0x4 status 0xF). // Skipped when the active path falls back to MIDI 1.0 in any form. if (tud_midi2_alt_setting() == 1 && tud_midi2_protocol() == MIDI_PROTOCOL_MIDI2) { ump_per_note_mgmt(0, 0, 0, false, true); } send_pitch_bend(0, 0, 0x80000000); // Center send_channel_pressure(0, 0, 0x00000000); printf("[SETUP] Piano | Vol 80%% | alt=%u proto=%u\r\n", (unsigned)tud_midi2_alt_setting(), (unsigned)tud_midi2_protocol()); } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Pitch Bend Conversion: cents to 32-bit value //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Convert pitch bend in cents (-200 to +200) to 32-bit UMP value // Center = 0x80000000, range = +/- 2 semitones (200 cents) static inline uint32_t cents_to_pitch_bend(int16_t cents) { if (cents == 0) return 0x80000000; // Scale: 200 cents = full range (0x7FFFFFFF deviation from center) int32_t offset = (int32_t)(((int64_t)cents * 0x7FFFFFFF) / 200); return (uint32_t)((int32_t)0x80000000 + offset); } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Song Playback Logic - Full MIDI 2.0 Expression //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ void update_song_playback(uint32_t now_ms) { const midi2_note_t *current = &song_data[song.current_note_idx]; if (!song.setup_sent) { send_initial_setup(); song.setup_sent = true; song.note_start_ms = now_ms; } // Note duration elapsed: send Note Off, advance if (song.note_is_active && (now_ms - song.note_start_ms) >= current->duration_ms) { if (song.active_pitch > 0) { if (current->bend_cents != 0) send_pitch_bend(0, 0, 0x80000000); if (current->pressure > 0) send_channel_pressure(0, 0, 0x00000000); send_note_off(0, 0, song.active_pitch, V_P); } song.note_is_active = false; song.current_note_idx++; if (song.current_note_idx >= SONG_LENGTH) { song.current_note_idx = 0; song.setup_sent = false; song.loop_count++; printf("\r\n=== Loop %lu ===\r\n", (unsigned long)song.loop_count); } song.note_start_ms = now_ms; } // Start next note if (!song.note_is_active && song.current_note_idx < SONG_LENGTH) { const midi2_note_t *next = &song_data[song.current_note_idx]; if (next->duration_ms == 0) { song.current_note_idx = 0; song.setup_sent = false; song.loop_count++; printf("\r\n=== Loop %lu ===\r\n", (unsigned long)song.loop_count); return; } if (next->pitch > 0) { // JR Timestamp is UMP-only; skip on Alt 0 transport. if (tud_midi2_alt_setting() == 1) { ump_jr_timestamp((uint16_t)(now_ms & 0xFFFF)); } if (next->bend_cents != 0) { send_pitch_bend(0, 0, cents_to_pitch_bend(next->bend_cents)); } send_note_on(0, 0, next->pitch, next->velocity); if (next->pressure > 0) { send_channel_pressure(0, 0, next->pressure); } if (next->pressure > 0x40000000 && next->duration_ms > 500) { send_poly_pressure(0, 0, next->pitch, next->pressure); } song.active_pitch = next->pitch; song.note_is_active = true; } // Rest: honor duration if (!song.note_is_active) { song.active_pitch = 0; song.note_is_active = true; song.note_start_ms = now_ms; } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ // Main //--------------------------------------------------------------------+ int main(void) { board_init(); printf("\r\n"); printf("===========================================\r\n"); printf(" TinyUSB MIDI 2.0 Device\r\n"); printf("===========================================\r\n"); printf("Tempo: 120 BPM | Song: %u notes\r\n", (unsigned)SONG_LENGTH); printf("Transport + protocol fallback:\r\n"); printf(" Alt 0 -> USB-MIDI 1.0 32-bit Event Packets (packet_write)\r\n"); printf(" Alt 1 + MIDI1 -> UMP MT 0x2 MIDI 1.0 Channel Voice (ump_write)\r\n"); printf(" Alt 1 + MIDI2 -> UMP MT 0x4 MIDI 2.0 Channel Voice (ump_write)\r\n"); printf("Status: Initializing...\r\n"); tusb_rhport_init_t dev_init = {.role = TUSB_ROLE_DEVICE, .speed = TUSB_SPEED_AUTO}; tusb_init(BOARD_TUD_RHPORT, &dev_init); board_init_after_tusb(); board_led_write(true); uint32_t last_report_ms = 0; while (1) { tud_task(); uint32_t now_ms = tusb_time_millis_api(); if (tud_midi2_mounted()) { update_song_playback(now_ms); board_led_write(song.active_pitch > 0); } else { board_led_write((now_ms / 500) & 1); } // Status report every 10 seconds if (now_ms - last_report_ms > 10000) { last_report_ms = now_ms; if (tud_midi2_mounted()) { printf("[%lums] Playing idx %lu/%u loop %lu\r\n", (unsigned long)now_ms, (unsigned long)song.current_note_idx, (unsigned)SONG_LENGTH, (unsigned long)song.loop_count); } else { printf("[%lums] Waiting for host...\r\n", (unsigned long)now_ms); } } } }