Merge pull request #563 from xmake-io/buildrules

Separate build rules for specific language files from action/build

76 files changed, 1189 insertions, 1115 deletions

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 25291faa0..34afdb3f6 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -34,6 +34,5 @@ script:
   - travis_wait 60 xmake lua -v -D tests/run.lua
   - scripts/archive-all.sh
   - scripts/makeself/build-runfile.sh 
-  - ls -l scripts/makeself/xmake.gz.run
   - scripts/makeself/xmake.gz.run --info
 
diff --git a/core/src/xmake/os/mtime.c b/core/src/xmake/os/mtime.c
index 690ba46c1..dc9d70a22 100644
--- a/core/src/xmake/os/mtime.c
+++ b/core/src/xmake/os/mtime.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ tb_int_t xm_os_mtime(lua_State* lua)
 
     // done os.mtime(path) 
     tb_file_info_t info = {0};
-    if (tb_file_info(path, &info) && (info.type == TB_FILE_TYPE_FILE))
+    if (tb_file_info(path, &info))
         lua_pushinteger(lua, (lua_Integer)info.mtime);
     else lua_pushinteger(lua, 0);
 
diff --git a/tests/projects/c/shared_library/xmake.lua b/tests/projects/c/shared_library/xmake.lua
index 50bad8879..48ccc67b3 100644
--- a/tests/projects/c/shared_library/xmake.lua
+++ b/tests/projects/c/shared_library/xmake.lua
@@ -1,45 +1,12 @@
--- the debug mode
-if is_mode("debug") then
-    
-    -- enable the debug symbols
-    set_symbols("debug")
+add_rules("mode.release", "mode.debug")
 
-    -- disable optimization
-    set_optimize("none")
-end
-
--- the release mode
-if is_mode("release") then
-
-    -- set the symbols visibility: hidden
-    set_symbols("hidden")
-
-    -- enable fastest optimization
-    set_optimize("fastest")
-
-    -- strip all symbols
-    set_strip("all")
-end
-
--- add target
 target("shared_library_c")
-
-    -- set kind
     set_kind("shared")
-
-    -- add files
     add_files("src/interface.c") 
 
--- add target
 target("test")
-
-    -- set kind
     set_kind("binary")
-
-    -- add deps
     add_deps("shared_library_c")
-
-    -- add files
     add_files("src/test.c") 
 
 
diff --git a/tests/projects/c/static_library/xmake.lua b/tests/projects/c/static_library/xmake.lua
index 842921894..c3cc56e1a 100644
--- a/tests/projects/c/static_library/xmake.lua
+++ b/tests/projects/c/static_library/xmake.lua
@@ -1,45 +1,12 @@
--- the debug mode
-if is_mode("debug") then
-    
-    -- enable the debug symbols
-    set_symbols("debug")
+add_rules("mode.release", "mode.debug")
 
-    -- disable optimization
-    set_optimize("none")
-end
-
--- the release mode
-if is_mode("release") then
-
-    -- set the symbols visibility: hidden
-    set_symbols("hidden")
-
-    -- enable fastest optimization
-    set_optimize("fastest")
-
-    -- strip all symbols
-    set_strip("all")
-end
-
--- add target
 target("static_library_c")
-
-    -- set kind
     set_kind("static")
-
-    -- add files
     add_files("src/interface.c") 
 
--- add target
 target("test")
-
-    -- set kind
     set_kind("binary")
-
-    -- add deps
     add_deps("static_library_c")
-
-    -- add files
     add_files("src/test.c") 
 
 
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/main.cpp b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..effbee53a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "test.h"
+  
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    test1();
+#ifdef MACOSX
+    test2();
+    test3();
+#endif
+    test4();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/main2.cpp b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/main2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73890bc01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/main2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "test.h"
+  
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    test5();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test.h b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f794a69c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+void test1(void);
+void test2(void);
+void test3(void);
+void test4(void);
+int  test5(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test1.c b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test1.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e0c1e021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "test.h"
+
+void test1()
+{
+}
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test2.m b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test2.m
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2164a8bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test2.m
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "test.h"
+
+void test2()
+{
+}
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test3.mm b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test3.mm
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea33c33d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test3.mm
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "test.h"
+
+void test3()
+{
+}
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test4.cpp b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test4.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cdf598a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test4.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "test.h"
+
+void test4()
+{
+}
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test5.d b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test5.d
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6519665d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/src/test5.d
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+extern(C) int test5()
+{
+    return 5;
+}
diff --git a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/test.lua b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/test.lua
index b76241be2..b76241be2 100644
--- a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/test.lua
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/test.lua
diff --git a/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/xmake.lua b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc382c7c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/hybrid/static_library/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+add_rules("mode.release", "mode.debug")
+
+target("test")
+    set_kind("static")
+    add_files("src/*.c", "src/*.cpp")
+    if is_plat("macosx") then
+        add_files("src/*.m", "src/*.mm") 
+    end
+
+target("demo")
+    set_kind("binary")
+    add_deps("test")
+    add_files("src/main.cpp") 
+    if is_plat("macosx") then
+        add_defines("MACOSX")
+    end
+
+target("demo2")
+    set_kind("binary")
+    add_files("src/main2.cpp", "src/*.d") 
+    if not is_plat("macosx") then
+        set_enabled(false)
+    end
+
diff --git a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/src/add.c b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/src/add.c
index be1e084fc..be1e084fc 100644
--- a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/src/add.c
+++ b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/src/add.c
diff --git a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/src/mul.c b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/src/mul.c
index c4292f9aa..c4292f9aa 100644
--- a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/src/mul.c
+++ b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/src/mul.c
diff --git a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/src/sub.c b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/src/sub.c
index b151ec4bc..b151ec4bc 100644
--- a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/src/sub.c
+++ b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/src/sub.c
diff --git a/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/test.lua b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/test.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b76241be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/test.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-- main entry
+function main(t)
+
+    -- build project
+    t:build()
+end
diff --git a/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/xmake.lua b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81b22c5e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/other/merge_archive/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+add_rules("mode.debug", "mode.release")
+
+target("add")
+    set_kind("static")
+    add_files("src/add.c") 
+    set_targetdir("$(buildir)/merge_archive")
+
+target("sub")
+    set_kind("static")
+    add_files("src/sub.c") 
+    set_targetdir("$(buildir)/merge_archive")
+
+target("mul")
+    set_kind("static")
+    add_deps("add", "sub")
+    add_files("src/mul.c") 
+    if is_plat("windows") then
+        add_files("$(buildir)/merge_archive/*.lib")
+    else
+        add_files("$(buildir)/merge_archive/*.a")
+    end
+
diff --git a/tests/projects/other/merge_object/xmake.lua b/tests/projects/other/merge_object/xmake.lua
index 39e41be3e..772bc2c18 100644
--- a/tests/projects/other/merge_object/xmake.lua
+++ b/tests/projects/other/merge_object/xmake.lua
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ target("merge_object")
     -- add files
     add_files("src/interface.c") 
 
+    -- save object file
+    after_build_file(function (target, sourcefile)
+        os.cp(target:objectfile(sourcefile), "$(buildir)/merge_object/")
+    end)
+
 -- add target
 target("test")
 
@@ -21,5 +26,9 @@ target("test")
 
     -- add files
     add_files("src/test.c") 
-    add_files("build/.objs/merge_object/src/interface.c.o")
+    if is_plat("windows") then
+        add_files("$(buildir)/merge_object/interface.c.obj")
+    else
+        add_files("$(buildir)/merge_object/interface.c.o")
+    end
 
diff --git a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/xmake.lua b/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/xmake.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 729648ca2..000000000
--- a/tests/projects/other/merge_static_library/xmake.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
--- add rules
-add_rules("mode.debug", "mode.release")
-
--- add target
-target("add")
-
-    -- set kind
-    set_kind("static")
-
-    -- add files
-    add_files("src/add.c") 
-
--- add target
-target("sub")
-
-    -- set kind
-    set_kind("static")
-
-    -- add files
-    add_files("src/sub.c") 
-
--- add target
-target("mul")
-
-    -- set kind
-    set_kind("static")
-
-    -- add deps
-    add_deps("add", "sub")
-
-    -- add files
-    add_files("src/mul.c") 
-    add_files("build/libadd.a")
-    add_files("build/libsub.a")
-
-    -- add link directory
-    add_linkdirs("$(buildir)")
-
diff --git a/xmake/actions/build/build.lua b/xmake/actions/build/build.lua
index 84b5dfa5e..60a17bccb 100644
--- a/xmake/actions/build/build.lua
+++ b/xmake/actions/build/build.lua
@@ -33,40 +33,41 @@ function _clean_target(target)
 end
 
 -- do build the given target
-function _do_build_target(target)
+function _do_build_target(target, opt)
 
     -- build target
     if not target:isphony() then
-        import("kinds." .. target:targetkind()).build(target, _g)
+        import("kinds." .. target:targetkind()).build(target, opt)
     end
 end
 
 -- on build the given target
-function _on_build_target(target)
-
-    -- has been disabled?
-    if target:get("enabled") == false then
-        return 
-    end
+function _on_build_target(target, opt)
 
     -- build target with rules
     local done = false
     for _, r in ipairs(target:orderules()) do
         local on_build = r:script("build")
         if on_build then
-            on_build(target, {origin = _do_build_target})
+            on_build(target, opt)
             done = true
         end
     end
     if done then return end
 
     -- do build
-    _do_build_target(target)
+    _do_build_target(target, opt)
 end
 
 -- build the given target 
 function _build_target(target)
 
+    -- has been disabled?
+    if target:get("enabled") == false then
+        _g.targetindex = _g.targetindex + 1
+        return 
+    end
+
     -- enter the environments of the target packages
     local oldenvs = {}
     for name, values in pairs(target:pkgenvs()) do
@@ -74,19 +75,16 @@ function _build_target(target)
         os.addenv(name, unpack(values))
     end
 
+    -- compute the progress range
+    local progress = {}
+    progress.start = (_g.targetindex * 100) / _g.targetcount
+    progress.stop  = ((_g.targetindex + 1) * 100) / _g.targetcount
+
     -- the target scripts
     local scripts =
     {
         function (target)
 
-            -- has been disabled?
-            if target:get("enabled") == false then
-                return 
-            end
-
-            -- get progress
-            local progress = _g.targetindex * 100 / _g.targetcount
-
             -- do before build for target
             local before_build = target:script("build_before")
             if before_build then
@@ -101,16 +99,15 @@ function _build_target(target)
                 end
             end
         end
-    ,   target:script("build", _on_build_target)
     ,   function (target)
 
-            -- has been disabled?
-            if target:get("enabled") == false then
-                return 
+            -- do build
+            local on_build = target:script("build", _on_build_target)
+            if on_build then
+                on_build(target, {origin = _do_build_target, progress = progress})
             end
-
-            -- get progress
-            local progress = (_g.targetindex + 1) * 100 / _g.targetcount
+        end
+    ,   function (target)
 
             -- do after build for target
             local after_build = target:script("build_after")
@@ -137,7 +134,7 @@ function _build_target(target)
     for i = 1, 3 do
         local script = scripts[i]
         if script ~= nil then
-            script(target, {origin = (i == 2 and _do_build_target or nil)})
+            script(target)
         end
     end
 
diff --git a/xmake/actions/build/build_files.lua b/xmake/actions/build/build_files.lua
index 6f6641dcb..7b69371d4 100644
--- a/xmake/actions/build/build_files.lua
+++ b/xmake/actions/build/build_files.lua
@@ -49,24 +49,29 @@ function _prepare_jobs_for_target(jobs, target, filepatterns)
 
     local newbatches = {}
     local sourcecount = 0
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+    for rulename, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
         local objectfiles = sourcebatch.objectfiles
         local dependfiles = sourcebatch.dependfiles
+        local sourcekind  = sourcebatch.sourcekind
         for idx, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcebatch.sourcefiles) do
             if _match_sourcefiles(sourcefile, filepatterns) then
-                local newbatch = newbatches[sourcekind] 
+                local newbatch = newbatches[rulename] 
                 if not newbatch then
                     newbatch             = {}
                     newbatch.sourcekind  = sourcekind
-                    newbatch.rulename    = sourcebatch.rulename
+                    newbatch.rulename    = rulename
                     newbatch.sourcefiles = {}
-                    newbatch.objectfiles = {}
-                    newbatch.dependfiles = {}
                 end
                 table.insert(newbatch.sourcefiles, sourcefile)
-                table.insert(newbatch.objectfiles, objectfiles[idx])
-                table.insert(newbatch.dependfiles, dependfiles[idx])
-                newbatches[sourcekind] = newbatch
+                if objectfiles then
+                    newbatch.objectfiles = newbatch.objectfiles or {}
+                    table.insert(newbatch.objectfiles, objectfiles[idx])
+                end
+                if dependfiles then
+                    newbatch.dependfiles = newbatch.dependfiles or {}
+                    table.insert(newbatch.dependfiles, dependfiles[idx])
+                end
+                newbatches[rulename] = newbatch
                 sourcecount = sourcecount + 1
             end
         end
@@ -117,11 +122,11 @@ function _prepare_jobs(targetname, filepatterns)
     end
 
     -- get source total count
-    local sourcecount = 0
+    local sourcetotal = 0
     for _, job in ipairs(jobs) do
-        sourcecount = sourcecount + job.sourcecount
+        sourcetotal = sourcetotal + job.sourcecount
     end
-    return jobs, sourcecount
+    return jobs, sourcetotal
 end
 
 -- convert all sourcefiles to lua pattern
@@ -179,22 +184,28 @@ function main(targetname, sourcefiles)
     local filepatterns = _get_file_patterns(sourcefiles)
 
     -- prepare jobs
-    local jobs, sourcecount = _prepare_jobs(targetname, filepatterns)
-    if #jobs == 0 or sourcecount == 0 then
+    local jobs, sourcetotal = _prepare_jobs(targetname, filepatterns)
+    if #jobs == 0 or sourcetotal == 0 then
         return
     end
 
     -- enter toolchains environment
     environment.enter("toolchains")
 
-    -- build source files for all jobs
-    _g.finished = {}
-    _g.targetindex = 0
-    _g.targetcount = 1
-    _g.sourceindex = 1
-    _g.sourcecount = sourcecount
+    -- build source files
+    local sourcestart = 1
+    local sourcestop  = 0
     for _, job in ipairs(jobs) do
-        object.build_sourcefiles(job.target, _g, job.sourcebatches)
+
+        -- compute the sub-progress range
+        sourcestop = sourcestart + job.sourcecount
+        local progress_start = (sourcestart * 100) / sourcetotal
+        local progress_stop  = (sourcestop * 100) / sourcetotal
+        local progress = {start = progress_start, stop = progress_stop}
+        sourcestart = sourcestop
+
+        -- build files
+        object.build_sourcefiles(job.target, job.sourcebatches, {progress = progress})
     end
 
     -- leave toolchains environment
diff --git a/xmake/actions/build/kinds/binary.lua b/xmake/actions/build/kinds/binary.lua
index a9ff2ad69..0d242108b 100644
--- a/xmake/actions/build/kinds/binary.lua
+++ b/xmake/actions/build/kinds/binary.lua
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ function _do_link_target(target, opt)
     local verbose = option.get("verbose")
 
     -- trace progress into
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", opt.progress)
+    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", opt.progress.stop)
     if verbose then
         cprint("${dim color.build.target}linking.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
     else
@@ -149,70 +149,12 @@ function _link_target(target, opt)
     end
 end
 
--- build target from objects
-function _build_from_objects(target, buildinfo)
+-- build binary target
+function build(target, opt)
 
     -- build objects
-    object.build(target, buildinfo)
-
-    -- get progress
-    local progress = (buildinfo.targetindex + 1) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount
+    object.build(target, opt)
 
     -- link target
-    _link_target(target, {progress = progress})
-end
-
--- build target from sources
-function _build_from_sources(target, buildinfo, sourcebatch, sourcekind)
-
-    -- the target file
-    local targetfile = target:targetfile()
-
-    -- is verbose?
-    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
-
-    -- trace progress into
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", (buildinfo.targetindex + 1) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount)
-    if verbose then
-        cprint("${dim color.build.target}linking.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
-    else
-        cprint("${color.build.target}linking.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
-    end
-
-    -- trace verbose info
-    if verbose then
-        print(compiler.buildcmd(sourcebatch.sourcefiles, targetfile, {target = target, sourcekind = sourcekind}))
-    end
-
-    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
-    io.flush()
-
-    -- build it
-    compiler.build(sourcebatch.sourcefiles, targetfile, {target = target, sourcekind = sourcekind})
-end
-
--- build binary target
-function build(target, buildinfo)
-
-    -- only one source kind?
-    local kindcount = 0
-    local sourcekind = nil
-    local sourcebatch = nil
-    for kind, batch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not batch.rulename then
-            sourcekind  = kind
-            sourcebatch = batch
-            kindcount   = kindcount + 1
-            if kindcount > 1 then
-                break
-            end
-        end
-    end
-
-    -- build target
-    if kindcount == 1 and compiler.buildmode(sourcekind, "binary:sources", {target = target}) then
-        _build_from_sources(target, buildinfo, sourcebatch, sourcekind)
-    else
-        _build_from_objects(target, buildinfo)
-    end
+    _link_target(target, opt)
 end
diff --git a/xmake/actions/build/kinds/object.lua b/xmake/actions/build/kinds/object.lua
index 8f859054e..8cf9bba99 100644
--- a/xmake/actions/build/kinds/object.lua
+++ b/xmake/actions/build/kinds/object.lua
@@ -20,294 +20,68 @@
 
 -- imports
 import("core.base.option")
-import("core.theme.theme")
-import("core.tool.compiler")
-import("core.tool.extractor")
 import("core.project.rule")
 import("core.project.config")
-import("core.project.depend")
 import("core.project.project")
-import("core.language.language")
-import("detect.tools.find_ccache")
-
--- build the object from the *.[o|obj] source file
-function _build_from_object(target, sourcefile, objectfile, progress)
-
-    -- is verbose?
-    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
-
-    -- trace progress info
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", progress)
-    if verbose then
-        cprint("${dim color.build.object}inserting.$(mode) %s", sourcefile)
-    else
-        cprint("${clear}${color.build.object}inserting.$(mode) %s", sourcefile)
-    end
-
-    -- trace verbose info
-    if verbose then
-        print("cp %s %s", sourcefile, objectfile)
-    end
-
-    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
-    io.flush()
-
-    -- insert this object file
-    os.cp(sourcefile, objectfile)
-end
-
--- build the object from the *.[a|lib] source file
-function _build_from_static(target, sourcefile, objectfile, progress)
-
-    -- is verbose?
-    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
-
-    -- trace progress info
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", progress)
-    if verbose then
-        cprint("${dim color.build.object}inserting.$(mode) %s", sourcefile)
-    else
-        cprint("${color.build.object}inserting.$(mode) %s", sourcefile)
-    end
-
-    -- trace verbose info
-    if verbose then
-        print("ex %s %s", sourcefile, objectfile)
-    end
-
-    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
-    io.flush()
-
-    -- extract the static library to object directory
-    extractor.extract(sourcefile, path.directory(objectfile))
-end
-
--- do build file
-function _do_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
-
-    -- get build info
-    local buildinfo  = _g.buildinfo
-    local objectfile = opt.objectfile
-    local dependfile = opt.dependfile
-    local sourcekind = opt.sourcekind
-    local progress   = opt.progress
-
-    -- build the object for the *.o/obj source makefile
-    if sourcekind == "obj" then 
-        return _build_from_object(target, sourcefile, objectfile, progress)
-    -- build the object for the *.[a|lib] source file
-    elseif sourcekind == "lib" then 
-        return _build_from_static(target, sourcefile, objectfile, progress)
-    end
-
-    -- load compiler 
-    local compinst = compiler.load(sourcekind, {target = target})
-
-    -- get compile flags
-    local compflags = compinst:compflags({target = target, sourcefile = sourcefile})
-
-    -- load dependent info 
-    local dependinfo = option.get("rebuild") and {} or (depend.load(dependfile) or {})
-    
-    -- need build this object?
-    local depvalues = {compinst:program(), compflags}
-    if not depend.is_changed(dependinfo, {lastmtime = os.mtime(objectfile), values = depvalues}) then
-        return 
-    end
-
-    -- is verbose?
-    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
-
-    -- trace progress info
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", progress)
-    if verbose then
-        cprint("${dim color.build.object}%scompiling.$(mode) %s", buildinfo.ccache and "ccache " or "", sourcefile)
-    else
-        cprint("${color.build.object}%scompiling.$(mode) %s", buildinfo.ccache and "ccache " or "", sourcefile)
-    end
-
-    -- trace verbose info
-    if verbose then
-        print(compinst:compcmd(sourcefile, objectfile, {compflags = compflags}))
-    end
-
-    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
-    io.flush()
-
-    -- compile it 
-    dependinfo.files = {}
-    assert(compinst:compile(sourcefile, objectfile, {dependinfo = dependinfo, compflags = compflags}))
-
-    -- update files and values to the dependent file
-    dependinfo.values = depvalues
-    table.join2(dependinfo.files, sourcefile, target:pcoutputfile("cxx") or {}, target:pcoutputfile("c"))
-    depend.save(dependinfo, dependfile)
-end
-
--- build object
-function _build_object(target, index, sourcebatch)
-
-    -- get the object and source with the given index
-    local buildinfo = _g.buildinfo
-    local sourcefile = sourcebatch.sourcefiles[index]
-    local objectfile = sourcebatch.objectfiles[index]
-    local dependfile = sourcebatch.dependfiles[index]
-    local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
-
-    -- calculate progress
-    local progress = ((buildinfo.targetindex + (buildinfo.sourceindex + index - 1) / buildinfo.sourcecount) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount)
-
-    -- init build option
-    local opt = {objectfile = objectfile, dependfile = dependfile, sourcekind = sourcekind, progress = progress}
-
-    -- do before build
-    local before_build_file = target:script("build_file_before")
-    if before_build_file then
-        before_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
-    end
-
-    -- do build 
-    local on_build_file = target:script("build_file")
-    if on_build_file then
-        opt.origin = _do_build_file
-        on_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
-        opt.origin = nil
-    else
-        _do_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
-    end
-
-    -- do after build
-    local after_build_file = target:script("build_file_after")
-    if after_build_file then
-        after_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
-    end
-end
-
--- build each objects from the given source batch
-function _build_files_for_each(target, sourcebatch, jobs)
-
-    -- run build jobs for each source file 
-    local curdir = os.curdir()
-    process.runjobs(function (index)
-
-        -- force to set the current directory first because the other jobs maybe changed it
-        os.cd(curdir)
-
-        -- build object
-        _build_object(target, index, sourcebatch)
-
-    end, #sourcebatch.sourcefiles, jobs)
-end
-
--- compile source files to single object at the same time
-function _build_files_for_single(target, sourcebatch, jobs)
-
-    -- is verbose?
-    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
-
-    -- get source and object files
-    local sourcefiles = sourcebatch.sourcefiles
-    local objectfiles = sourcebatch.objectfiles
-    local dependfiles = sourcebatch.dependfiles
-    local sourcekind  = sourcebatch.sourcekind
-
-    -- trace progress info
-    local buildinfo = _g.buildinfo
-    for index, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcefiles) do
-
-        -- calculate progress
-        local progress = ((buildinfo.targetindex + (buildinfo.sourceindex + index - 1) / buildinfo.sourcecount) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount)
-
-        -- trace progress info
-        cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", progress)
-        if verbose then
-            cprint("${dim color.build.object}%scompiling.$(mode) %s", buildinfo.ccache and "ccache " or "", sourcefile)
-        else
-            cprint("${color.build.object}%scompiling.$(mode) %s", buildinfo.ccache and "ccache " or "", sourcefile)
-        end
-    end
-
-    -- trace verbose info
-    if verbose then
-        print(compiler.compcmd(sourcefiles, objectfiles, {target = target, sourcekind = sourcekind}))
-    end
-
-    -- compile them
-    compiler.compile(sourcefiles, objectfiles, {dependfiles = dependfiles, target = target, sourcekind = sourcekind})
-end
 
 -- build source files with the custom rule
-function _build_files_for_rule(target, sourcebatch, jobs, suffix)
+function _build_files_with_rule(target, sourcebatch, opt, suffix)
 
     -- the rule name
-    local rulename = sourcebatch.rulename
-    local buildinfo = _g.buildinfo
+    local rulename = assert(sourcebatch.rulename, "unknown rule for sourcebatch!")
 
     -- get rule instance
-    local ruleinst = project.rule(rulename) or rule.rule(rulename)
-    assert(ruleinst, "unknown rule: %s", rulename)
+    local ruleinst = assert(project.rule(rulename) or rule.rule(rulename), "unknown rule: %s", rulename)
 
     -- on_build_files?
     local on_build_files = ruleinst:script("build_files" .. (suffix and ("_" .. suffix) or ""))
     if on_build_files then
-
-        -- calculate progress
-        local progress = (buildinfo.targetindex + buildinfo.sourceindex / buildinfo.sourcecount) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount
-
-        -- do build files
-        on_build_files(target, sourcebatch, {jobs = jobs, progress = progress})
+        on_build_files(target, sourcebatch, opt)
     else
         -- get the build file script
         local on_build_file = ruleinst:script("build_file" .. (suffix and ("_" .. suffix) or ""))
         if on_build_file then
 
+            -- get the max job count
+            local jobs = tonumber(option.get("jobs") or "4")
+
+            -- get progress range
+            local progress = opt.progress
+
             -- run build jobs for each source file 
             local curdir = os.curdir()
+            local sourcecount = #sourcebatch.sourcefiles
             process.runjobs(function (index)
 
                 -- force to set the current directory first because the other jobs maybe changed it
                 os.cd(curdir)
 
                 -- calculate progress
-                local progress = ((buildinfo.targetindex + (buildinfo.sourceindex + index - 1) / buildinfo.sourcecount) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount)
-                if suffix then
-                    progress = ((buildinfo.targetindex + (suffix == "before" and buildinfo.sourceindex or buildinfo.sourcecount) / buildinfo.sourcecount) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount)
+                local progress_now = progress.start + ((index - 1) * (progress.stop - progress.start)) / sourcecount
+                if suffix == "before" then
+                    progress_now = progress.start
+                elseif suffix == "after" then
+                    progress_now = progress.stop
                 end
 
                 -- get source file
                 local sourcefile = sourcebatch.sourcefiles[index]
 
                 -- do build file
-                on_build_file(target, sourcefile, {sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind, progress = progress})
+                on_build_file(target, sourcefile, {sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind, progress = progress_now})
 
-            end, #sourcebatch.sourcefiles, jobs)
+            end, sourcecount, jobs)
         end
     end
 end
 
 -- do build files
 function _do_build_files(target, sourcebatch, opt)
-
-    -- compile source files with custom rule
-    if sourcebatch.rulename then
-        _build_files_for_rule(target, sourcebatch, opt.jobs)
-    -- compile source files to single object at once
-    elseif type(sourcebatch.objectfiles) == "string" then
-        _build_files_for_single(target, sourcebatch, opt.jobs)
-    else
-        _build_files_for_each(target, sourcebatch, opt.jobs)
-    end
+    _build_files_with_rule(target, sourcebatch, opt)
 end
 
 -- build files
-function _build_files(target, sourcebatch, jobs)
-
-    -- calculate progress
-    local buildinfo = _g.buildinfo
-    local progress = (buildinfo.targetindex + buildinfo.sourceindex / buildinfo.sourcecount) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount
-
-    -- init build option
-    local opt = {jobs = jobs, progress = progress}
+function _build_files(target, sourcebatch, opt)
 
     -- do before build
     local before_build_files = target:script("build_files_before")
@@ -325,9 +99,6 @@ function _build_files(target, sourcebatch, jobs)
         _do_build_files(target, sourcebatch, opt)
     end
 
-    -- update object index
-    buildinfo.sourceindex = buildinfo.sourceindex + #sourcebatch.sourcefiles
-
     -- do after build
     local after_build_files = target:script("build_files_after")
     if after_build_files then
@@ -335,77 +106,48 @@ function _build_files(target, sourcebatch, jobs)
     end
 end
 
--- build precompiled header files (only for c/c++)
-function _build_pcheaderfiles(target, buildinfo)
-
-    -- for c/c++
-    _g.buildinfo = buildinfo
-    for _, langkind in ipairs({"c", "cxx"}) do
-
-        -- get the precompiled header
-        local pcheaderfile = target:pcheaderfile(langkind)
-        if pcheaderfile then
-
-            -- init sourcefile, objectfile and dependfile
-            local sourcefile = pcheaderfile
-            local objectfile = target:pcoutputfile(langkind)
-            local dependfile = target:dependfile(objectfile)
-            local sourcekind = language.langkinds()[langkind]
-
-            -- init source batch
-            local sourcebatch = {sourcekind = sourcekind, sourcefiles = {sourcefile}, objectfiles = {objectfile}, dependfiles = {dependfile}}
-
-            -- build this precompiled header
-            _build_object(target, 1, sourcebatch, false)
-        end
-    end
-end
-
 -- build source files
-function build_sourcefiles(target, buildinfo, sourcebatches)
+function build_sourcefiles(target, sourcebatches, opt)
 
-    -- get the max job count
-    local jobs = tonumber(option.get("jobs") or "4")
+    -- init options
+    opt = opt or {}
 
-    -- save buildinfo
-    _g.buildinfo = buildinfo
+    -- get progress range
+    local progress = assert(opt.progress, "no build progress!")
 
     -- build source batches with custom rules before building other sources
     for _, sourcebatch in pairs(sourcebatches) do
-        if sourcebatch.rulename then
-            _build_files_for_rule(target, sourcebatch, jobs, "before")
-        end
+        _build_files_with_rule(target, sourcebatch, opt, "before")
     end
 
     -- build source batches
+    local sourcestart = 0
+    local sourcestop  = 0
+    local sourcetotal = target:sourcecount()
     for _, sourcebatch in pairs(sourcebatches) do
-        _build_files(target, sourcebatch, jobs)
+
+        -- compute the sub-progress range
+        sourcestop = sourcestart + #sourcebatch.sourcefiles
+        local progress_range = progress.stop - progress.start
+        local progress_start = progress.start + (sourcestart * progress_range) / sourcetotal
+        local progress_stop  = progress.start + (sourcestop * progress_range) / sourcetotal
+        opt.progress = {start = progress_start, stop = progress_stop}
+        sourcestart = sourcestop
+
+        -- build files
+        _build_files(target, sourcebatch, opt)
     end
 
     -- build source batches with custom rules after building other sources
     for _, sourcebatch in pairs(sourcebatches) do
-        if sourcebatch.rulename then
-            _build_files_for_rule(target, sourcebatch, jobs, "after")
-        end
+        _build_files_with_rule(target, sourcebatch, opt, "after")
     end
 end
 
 -- build objects for the given target
-function build(target, buildinfo)
-
-    -- init source index and count
-    buildinfo.sourceindex = 0
-    buildinfo.sourcecount = target:sourcecount()
-
-    -- init ccache
-    if config.get("ccache") and buildinfo.ccache == nil then
-        buildinfo.ccache = find_ccache()
-    end
-
-    -- build precompiled headers
-    _build_pcheaderfiles(target, buildinfo)
+function build(target, opt)
 
     -- build source files
-    build_sourcefiles(target, buildinfo, target:sourcebatches())
+    build_sourcefiles(target, target:sourcebatches(), opt)
 end
 
diff --git a/xmake/actions/build/kinds/shared.lua b/xmake/actions/build/kinds/shared.lua
index 598d7da8a..f6a8d6161 100644
--- a/xmake/actions/build/kinds/shared.lua
+++ b/xmake/actions/build/kinds/shared.lua
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ function _do_link_target(target, opt)
     local verbose = option.get("verbose")
 
     -- trace progress info
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", opt.progress)
+    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", opt.progress.stop)
     if verbose then
         cprint("${dim color.build.target}linking.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
     else
@@ -162,70 +162,12 @@ function _link_target(target, opt)
     end
 end
 
--- build target from objects
-function _build_from_objects(target, buildinfo)
+-- build shared target
+function build(target, opt)
 
     -- build objects
-    object.build(target, buildinfo)
-
-    -- get progress
-    local progress = (buildinfo.targetindex + 1) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount
+    object.build(target, opt)
 
     -- link target
-    _link_target(target, {progress = progress})
-end
-
--- build target from sources
-function _build_from_sources(target, buildinfo, sourcebatch, sourcekind)
-
-    -- the target file
-    local targetfile = target:targetfile()
-
-    -- is verbose?
-    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
-
-    -- trace progress into
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", (buildinfo.targetindex + 1) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount)
-    if verbose then
-        cprint("${dim color.build.target}linking.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
-    else
-        cprint("${color.build.target}linking.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
-    end
-
-    -- trace verbose info
-    if verbose then
-        print(compiler.buildcmd(sourcebatch.sourcefiles, targetfile, {target = target, sourcekind = sourcekind}))
-    end
-
-    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
-    io.flush()
-
-    -- build it
-    compiler.build(sourcebatch.sourcefiles, targetfile, {target = target, sourcekind = sourcekind})
-end
-
--- build shared target
-function build(target, buildinfo)
-
-    -- only one source kind?
-    local kindcount = 0
-    local sourcekind = nil
-    local sourcebatch = nil
-    for kind, batch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not batch.rulename then
-            sourcekind  = kind
-            sourcebatch = batch
-            kindcount   = kindcount + 1
-            if kindcount > 1 then
-                break
-            end
-        end
-    end
-
-    -- build target
-    if kindcount == 1 and compiler.buildmode(sourcekind, "shared:sources", {target = target}) then
-        _build_from_sources(target, buildinfo, sourcebatch, sourcekind)
-    else
-        _build_from_objects(target, buildinfo)
-    end
+    _link_target(target, opt)
 end
diff --git a/xmake/actions/build/kinds/static.lua b/xmake/actions/build/kinds/static.lua
index dfd07f4e9..c9a6987dd 100644
--- a/xmake/actions/build/kinds/static.lua
+++ b/xmake/actions/build/kinds/static.lua
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ function _do_link_target(target, opt)
     local verbose = option.get("verbose")
 
     -- trace progress info
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", opt.progress)
+    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", opt.progress.stop)
     if verbose then
         cprint("${dim color.build.target}archiving.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
     else
@@ -158,70 +158,12 @@ function _link_target(target, opt)
     end
 end
 
--- build target from objects
-function _build_from_objects(target, buildinfo)
+-- build static target
+function build(target, opt)
 
     -- build objects
-    object.build(target, buildinfo)
-
-    -- get progress
-    local progress = (buildinfo.targetindex + 1) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount
+    object.build(target, opt)
 
     -- link target
-    _link_target(target, {progress = progress})
-end
-
--- build target from sources
-function _build_from_sources(target, buildinfo, sourcebatch, sourcekind)
-
-    -- the target file
-    local targetfile = target:targetfile()
-
-    -- is verbose?
-    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
-
-    -- trace progress into
-    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", (buildinfo.targetindex + 1) * 100 / buildinfo.targetcount)
-    if verbose then
-        cprint("${dim color.build.target}archiving.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
-    else
-        cprint("${color.build.target}archiving.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
-    end
-
-    -- trace verbose info
-    if verbose then
-        print(compiler.buildcmd(sourcebatch.sourcefiles, targetfile, {target = target, sourcekind = sourcekind}))
-    end
-
-    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
-    io.flush()
-
-    -- build it
-    compiler.build(sourcebatch.sourcefiles, targetfile, {target = target, sourcekind = sourcekind})
-end
-
--- build static target
-function build(target, buildinfo)
-
-    -- only one source kind?
-    local kindcount = 0
-    local sourcekind = nil
-    local sourcebatch = nil
-    for kind, batch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not batch.rulename then
-            sourcekind  = kind
-            sourcebatch = batch
-            kindcount   = kindcount + 1
-            if kindcount > 1 then
-                break
-            end
-        end
-    end
-
-    -- build target
-    if kindcount == 1 and compiler.buildmode(sourcekind, "static:sources", {target = target}) then
-        _build_from_sources(target, buildinfo, sourcebatch, sourcekind)
-    else
-        _build_from_objects(target, buildinfo)
-    end
+    _link_target(target, opt)
 end
diff --git a/xmake/core/project/target.lua b/xmake/core/project/target.lua
index 7cf262262..911d8ddbf 100644
--- a/xmake/core/project/target.lua
+++ b/xmake/core/project/target.lua
@@ -868,13 +868,14 @@ function _instance:filerules(sourcefile)
         extension2rules = {}
         for _, r in pairs(table.wrap(self:rules())) do
             for _, extension in ipairs(table.wrap(r:get("extensions"))) do
+                extension = extension:lower()
                 extension2rules[extension] = extension2rules[extension] or {}
                 table.insert(extension2rules[extension], r)
             end
         end
         self._EXTENSION2RULES = extension2rules
     end
-    for _, r in ipairs(table.wrap(extension2rules[path.extension(sourcefile)])) do
+    for _, r in ipairs(table.wrap(extension2rules[path.extension(sourcefile):lower()])) do
         table.insert(rules, r)
     end
 
@@ -946,19 +947,6 @@ function _instance:sourcefiles()
         return {}, false
     end
 
-    -- the patterns
-    local patterns = 
-    {
-        {"([%w%*]+)%.obj|",     "%%1|",  "object"}
-    ,   {"([%w%*]+)%.obj$",     "%%1",   "object"}
-    ,   {"([%w%*]+)%.o|",       "%%1|",  "object"}
-    ,   {"([%w%*]+)%.o$",       "%%1",   "object"}
-    ,   {"([%w%*]+)%.lib|",     "%%1|",  "static"}
-    ,   {"([%w%*]+)%.lib$",     "%%1",   "static"}
-    ,   {"lib([%w%*]+)%.a|",    "%%1|",  "static"}
-    ,   {"lib([%w%*]+)%.a$",    "%%1",   "static"}
-    }
-
     -- match files
     local i = 1
     local count = 0
@@ -973,15 +961,6 @@ function _instance:sourcefiles()
             deleted = true
         end
 
-        -- normalize *.[o|obj] and [lib]*.[a|lib] filename
-        for _, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do
-            file, count = file:gsub(pattern[1], target.filename(pattern[2], pattern[3]))
-            if count > 0 then
-                -- disable cache because the object and library files will be modified if them depend on previous target file
-                cache = false
-            end
-        end
-
         -- match source files
         local results = os.match(file)
         if #results == 0 then
@@ -1024,9 +1003,6 @@ end
 -- get object file from source file
 function _instance:objectfile(sourcefile)
 
-    -- translate: [lib]xxx*.[a|lib] => xxx/*.[o|obj] object file
-    sourcefile = sourcefile:gsub(target.filename("([%%w%%-_]+)", "static"):gsub("%.", "%%.") .. "$", "%1/*")
-
     -- get relative directory in the autogen directory
     local relativedir = nil
     local origindir  = path.directory(path.absolute(sourcefile))
@@ -1075,10 +1051,8 @@ function _instance:objectfiles()
 
     -- get object files from source batches
     local objectfiles = {}
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(self:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not sourcebatch.rulename then
-            table.join2(objectfiles, sourcebatch.objectfiles)
-        end
+    for _, sourcebatch in pairs(self:sourcebatches()) do
+        table.join2(objectfiles, sourcebatch.objectfiles)
     end
 
     -- get object files from all dependent targets (object kind)
@@ -1285,10 +1259,8 @@ function _instance:dependfiles()
 
     -- get dependent files from source batches
     local dependfiles = {}
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(self:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not sourcebatch.rulename then
-            table.join2(dependfiles, sourcebatch.dependfiles)
-        end
+    for _, sourcebatch in pairs(self:sourcebatches()) do
+        table.join2(dependfiles, sourcebatch.dependfiles)
     end
 
     -- cache it
@@ -1346,104 +1318,45 @@ function _instance:sourcebatches()
         return self._SOURCEBATCHES, false
     end
 
-    -- the extensional source kinds
-    local sourcekinds_ext = 
-    {
-        [".o"]   = "obj"
-    ,   [".obj"] = "obj"
-    ,   [".a"]   = "lib"
-    ,   [".lib"] = "lib"
-    }
-
     -- make source batches for each source kinds
     local sourcebatches = {}
     for _, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcefiles) do
 
-        -- add file rules
-        local builtin_rule = true
+        -- get file rules
         local filerules = self:filerules(sourcefile)
+        if #filerules == 0 then
+            os.raise("unknown source file: %s", sourcefile)
+        end
+
+        -- add source batch for the file rules
         for _, filerule in ipairs(filerules) do
 
-            -- get source kind
-            local sourcekind = "__rule_" .. filerule:name()
+            -- get rule name
+            local rulename = filerule:name()
 
             -- make this batch
-            local sourcebatch = sourcebatches[sourcekind] or {sourcefiles = {}}
-            sourcebatches[sourcekind] = sourcebatch
+            local sourcebatch = sourcebatches[rulename] or {sourcefiles = {}}
+            sourcebatches[rulename] = sourcebatch
 
-            -- add source kind to this batch
-            sourcebatch.sourcekind = sourcekind
-
-            -- add source rule to this batch
-            sourcebatch.rulename = filerule:name()
+            -- save the rule name
+            sourcebatch.rulename = rulename
 
             -- add source file to this batch
             table.insert(sourcebatch.sourcefiles, sourcefile)
 
-            -- override `on_build_xxx` in filerules? disable the builtin-rule
-            if filerule:get("build_file") or filerule:get("build_files") or filerule:get("build") then
-                builtin_rule = false
-            end
-        end
-
-        -- add builtin rule
-        if builtin_rule then
-
-            -- get source kind
-            sourcekind = language.sourcekind_of(sourcefile)
-            if not sourcekind then
-                local sourcekind_ext = sourcekinds_ext[path.extension(sourcefile):lower()]
-                if sourcekind_ext then
-                    sourcekind = sourcekind_ext
-                end
-            end
+            -- attempt to get source kind from the builtin languages
+            local sourcekind = language.sourcekind_of(sourcefile)
             if sourcekind then
 
-                -- make this batch
-                local sourcebatch = sourcebatches[sourcekind] or {sourcefiles = {}}
-                sourcebatches[sourcekind] = sourcebatch
-
-                -- add source kind to this batch
+                -- save source kind
                 sourcebatch.sourcekind = sourcekind
 
-                -- add source file to this batch
-                table.insert(sourcebatch.sourcefiles, sourcefile)
-
-            elseif #filerules == 0 then
-                os.raise("unknown source file: %s", sourcefile)
-            end
-        end
-    end
-
-    -- insert object files to source batches
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(sourcebatches) do
-
-        -- skip source files with the custom rule
-        if not sourcebatch.rulename then
-
-            -- this batch support to compile multiple objects at the same time?
-            local instance = compiler.load(sourcekind, self)
-            if instance and instance:buildmode("object:sources") then
-
-                -- get the first source file
-                local sourcefile = sourcebatch.sourcefiles[1]
-
-                -- insert single object file for all source files
-                sourcebatch.objectfiles = self:objectfile(path.join(path.directory(sourcefile), "__" .. sourcekind))
-
-                -- insert single dependent file for all source files
-                sourcebatch.dependfiles = self:dependfile(sourcebatch.objectfiles)
-
-            else
-
-                -- insert object files for each source files
-                sourcebatch.objectfiles = {}
-                sourcebatch.dependfiles = {}
-                for _, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcebatch.sourcefiles) do
-                    local objectfile = self:objectfile(sourcefile)
-                    table.insert(sourcebatch.objectfiles, objectfile)
-                    table.insert(sourcebatch.dependfiles, self:dependfile(objectfile))
-                end
+                -- insert object files to source batches
+                sourcebatch.objectfiles = sourcebatch.objectfiles or {}
+                sourcebatch.dependfiles = sourcebatch.dependfiles or {}
+                local objectfile = self:objectfile(sourcefile)
+                table.insert(sourcebatch.objectfiles, objectfile)
+                table.insert(sourcebatch.dependfiles, self:dependfile(objectfile))
             end
         end
     end
diff --git a/xmake/core/sandbox/modules/import/core/tool/compiler.lua b/xmake/core/sandbox/modules/import/core/tool/compiler.lua
index f93176181..0a312b813 100644
--- a/xmake/core/sandbox/modules/import/core/tool/compiler.lua
+++ b/xmake/core/sandbox/modules/import/core/tool/compiler.lua
@@ -43,16 +43,6 @@ function sandbox_core_tool_compiler.load(sourcekind, opt)
     return instance
 end
 
--- get the build mode of compiler
-function sandbox_core_tool_compiler.buildmode(sourcekind, name, opt)
- 
-    -- get the compiler instance
-    local instance = sandbox_core_tool_compiler.load(sourcekind, opt)
-
-    -- get build mode
-    return instance:buildmode(name)
-end
-
 -- make command for compiling source file
 function sandbox_core_tool_compiler.compcmd(sourcefiles, objectfile, opt)
     return os.args(table.join(sandbox_core_tool_compiler.compargv(sourcefiles, objectfile, opt)))
diff --git a/xmake/core/tool/builder.lua b/xmake/core/tool/builder.lua
index fc73a94fd..ba6f3bcf2 100644
--- a/xmake/core/tool/builder.lua
+++ b/xmake/core/tool/builder.lua
@@ -524,15 +524,5 @@ function builder:format(targetkind)
     end
 end
 
--- get buildmode of the tool
-function builder:buildmode(name)
-
-    -- get it
-    local buildmodes = self:get("buildmodes")
-    if buildmodes then
-        return buildmodes[name]
-    end
-end
-
 -- return module
 return builder
diff --git a/xmake/languages/asm/xmake.lua b/xmake/languages/asm/xmake.lua
index c25704943..726e82dc3 100644
--- a/xmake/languages/asm/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/languages/asm/xmake.lua
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ language("asm")
     -- set mixing kinds
     set_mixingkinds("as")
 
+    -- add rules
+    add_rules("asm")
+
     -- on load
     on_load("load")
 
diff --git a/xmake/languages/c++/xmake.lua b/xmake/languages/c++/xmake.lua
index cae820768..93f0eb528 100644
--- a/xmake/languages/c++/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/languages/c++/xmake.lua
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ language("c++")
     -- set mixing kinds
     set_mixingkinds("cc", "cxx", "as", "mrc")
 
+    -- add rules
+    add_rules("cpp")
+
     -- on load
     on_load("load")
 
diff --git a/xmake/languages/dlang/xmake.lua b/xmake/languages/dlang/xmake.lua
index de997afed..a651c52d9 100644
--- a/xmake/languages/dlang/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/languages/dlang/xmake.lua
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ language("dlang")
     -- set mixing kinds
     set_mixingkinds("dc", "cc", "cxx", "as")
 
+    -- add rules
+    add_rules("dlang")
+
     -- on load
     on_load("load")
 
diff --git a/xmake/languages/golang/xmake.lua b/xmake/languages/golang/xmake.lua
index 51612350f..ac16d97b1 100644
--- a/xmake/languages/golang/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/languages/golang/xmake.lua
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ language("golang")
     -- set mixing kinds
     set_mixingkinds("gc")
 
+    -- add rules
+    add_rules("go")
+
     -- on load
     on_load("load")
 
diff --git a/xmake/languages/msrc/xmake.lua b/xmake/languages/msrc/xmake.lua
index d788bc1b6..3288b3627 100644
--- a/xmake/languages/msrc/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/languages/msrc/xmake.lua
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ language("msrc")
     -- set mixing kinds
     set_mixingkinds("mrc")
 
+    -- add rules
+    add_rules("win.sdk.resource")
+
     -- on load
     on_load("load")
 
diff --git a/xmake/languages/objc++/xmake.lua b/xmake/languages/objc++/xmake.lua
index 2b6276124..7a6b0af4e 100644
--- a/xmake/languages/objc++/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/languages/objc++/xmake.lua
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ language("objc++")
     -- set mixing kinds
     set_mixingkinds("mm", "mxx", "cc", "cxx", "as")
 
+    -- add rules
+    add_rules("objc++")
+
     -- on load
     on_load("load")
 
diff --git a/xmake/languages/rust/xmake.lua b/xmake/languages/rust/xmake.lua
index 977f815df..d5a386d09 100644
--- a/xmake/languages/rust/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/languages/rust/xmake.lua
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ language("rust")
     -- set mixing kinds
     set_mixingkinds("rc")
 
+    -- add rules
+    add_rules("rust")
+
     -- on load
     on_load("load")
 
diff --git a/xmake/languages/swift/xmake.lua b/xmake/languages/swift/xmake.lua
index c4e9139c6..57fc4ad64 100644
--- a/xmake/languages/swift/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/languages/swift/xmake.lua
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ language("swift")
     -- set mixing kinds
     set_mixingkinds("sc", "mm", "mxx", "cc", "cxx")
 
+    -- add rules
+    add_rules("swift")
+
     -- on load
     on_load("load")
 
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/cl.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/cl.lua
index 3fbae583b..c8e20d552 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/cl.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/cl.lua
@@ -77,12 +77,6 @@ function init(self)
     ,   ["-ftrapv"]                 = ""
     ,   ["-fsanitize=address"]      = ""
     })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"]      = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the symbol flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/cparser.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/cparser.lua
index 80b903949..a07f8e172 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/cparser.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/cparser.lua
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import("core.base.option")
 import("core.project.config")
 import("core.project.project")
 import("core.language.language")
-import("detect.tools.find_ccache")
+import("private.tools.ccache")
 
 -- init it
 function init(self)
@@ -56,12 +56,6 @@ function init(self)
     ,   ["-s"]  = "-s"
     ,   ["-S"]  = "-S"
     })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the strip flag
@@ -157,31 +151,7 @@ end
 
 -- make the compile arguments list
 function _compargv1(self, sourcefile, objectfile, flags)
-
-    -- get ccache
-    local ccache = nil
-    if config.get("ccache") then
-        ccache = find_ccache()
-    end
-
-    -- make argv
-    local argv = table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile)
-
-    -- uses cache?
-    local program = self:program()
-    if ccache then
-            
-        -- parse the filename and arguments, e.g. "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
-        if not os.isexec(program) then
-            argv = table.join(program:split("%s"), argv)
-        else 
-            table.insert(argv, 1, program)
-        end
-        return ccache, argv
-    end
-
-    -- no cache
-    return program, argv
+    return ccache.cmdargv(self:program(), table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile))
 end
 
 -- compile the source file
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/dmd.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/dmd.lua
index 7c039319e..4ee8ecf9d 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/dmd.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/dmd.lua
@@ -34,12 +34,6 @@ function init(self)
 
     -- init dcflags for the kind: shared
     self:set("shared.dcflags", "-fPIC")
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the optimize flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/fasm.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/fasm.lua
index 59aee4f55..ba34a8078 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/fasm.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/fasm.lua
@@ -40,12 +40,6 @@ function init(self)
     ,   ["-ftrapv"]                 = ""
     ,   ["-fsanitize=address"]      = ""
     })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"]          = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the define flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/gcc.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/gcc.lua
index 9b96daf91..301f13ec3 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/gcc.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/gcc.lua
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import("core.base.option")
 import("core.project.config")
 import("core.project.project")
 import("core.language.language")
-import("detect.tools.find_ccache")
+import("private.tools.ccache")
 import("private.tools.gcc.parse_deps")
 
 -- init it
@@ -69,12 +69,6 @@ function init(self)
         ,   ["-S"] = "-Wl,-S"
         })
     end
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the strip flag
@@ -366,31 +360,7 @@ function _compargv1(self, sourcefile, objectfile, flags)
     if (extension:startswith(".h") or extension == ".inl") then
         return _compargv1_pch(self, sourcefile, objectfile, flags)
     end
-
-    -- get ccache
-    local ccache = nil
-    if config.get("ccache") then
-        ccache = find_ccache()
-    end
-
-    -- make argv
-    local argv = table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile)
-
-    -- uses cache?
-    local program = self:program()
-    if ccache then
-            
-        -- parse the filename and arguments, e.g. "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
-        if not os.isexec(program) then
-            argv = table.join(program:split("%s"), argv)
-        else 
-            table.insert(argv, 1, program)
-        end
-        return ccache, argv
-    end
-
-    -- no cache
-    return program, argv
+    return ccache.cmdargv(self:program(), table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile))
 end
 
 -- compile the source file
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/go.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/go.lua
index fa6541898..450240023 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/go.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/go.lua
@@ -31,12 +31,6 @@ function init(self)
 
     -- init the file formats
     self:set("formats", { static = "$(name).a" })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = true
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the optimize flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/llvm_rc.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/llvm_rc.lua
index ab072d507..75a1b2c8c 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/llvm_rc.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/llvm_rc.lua
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@ import("core.project.project")
 
 -- init it
 function init(self)
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the define flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/ml.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/ml.lua
index e14cc4e50..81d7c62d5 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/ml.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/ml.lua
@@ -55,12 +55,6 @@ function init(self)
     ,   ["-ftrapv"]                 = ""
     ,   ["-fsanitize=address"]      = ""
     })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"]          = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the warning flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/nvcc.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/nvcc.lua
index a4393d994..ab1920552 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/nvcc.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/nvcc.lua
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import("core.project.config")
 import("core.project.project")
 import("core.platform.platform")
 import("core.language.language")
-import("detect.tools.find_ccache")
+import("private.tools.ccache")
 import("private.tools.nvcc.parse_deps")
 
 -- init it
@@ -49,12 +49,6 @@ function init(self)
     ,   ["-Wextra"]        = "-Wreorder"
     ,   ["-Weverything"]   = "-Wreorder"
     })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the symbol flag
@@ -276,31 +270,7 @@ end
 
 -- make the compile arguments list
 function _compargv1(self, sourcefile, objectfile, flags)
-
-    -- get ccache
-    local ccache = nil
-    if config.get("ccache") then
-        ccache = find_ccache()
-    end
-
-    -- make argv
-    local argv = table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile)
-
-    -- uses cache?
-    local program = self:program()
-    if ccache then
-
-        -- parse the filename and arguments, e.g. "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
-        if not os.isexec(program) then
-            argv = table.join(program:split("%s"), argv)
-        else
-            table.insert(argv, 1, program)
-        end
-        return ccache, argv
-    end
-
-    -- no cache
-    return program, argv
+    return ccache.cmdargv(self:program(), table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile))
 end
 
 -- compile the source file
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/rc.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/rc.lua
index 2c72d0575..f5050f7f3 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/rc.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/rc.lua
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@ import("core.project.project")
 
 -- init it
 function init(self)
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the define flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/rustc.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/rustc.lua
index d3fbda362..730815158 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/rustc.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/rustc.lua
@@ -37,15 +37,6 @@ function init(self)
 
     -- init the file formats
     self:set("formats", { static = "lib$(name).rlib" })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes", 
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false  -- compile multiple source filess to the single object
-    ,   ["binary:sources"] = true   -- build multiple source files to the binary target file
-    ,   ["static:sources"] = true   -- build multiple source files to the static target file
-    ,   ["shared:sources"] = true   -- build multiple source files to the shared target file
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the optimize flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/swiftc.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/swiftc.lua
index 3f18c0b16..ca1c1abf0 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/swiftc.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/swiftc.lua
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 -- imports
 import("core.project.config")
-import("detect.tools.find_ccache")
+import("private.tools.ccache")
 
 -- init it
 function init(self)
@@ -55,12 +55,6 @@ function init(self)
     ,   ["-ftrapv"]                 = ""
     ,   ["-fsanitize=address"]      = ""
     })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"]          = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the strip flag
@@ -203,31 +197,7 @@ end
 
 -- make the compile arguments list
 function _compargv1(self, sourcefile, objectfile, flags)
-
-    -- get ccache
-    local ccache = nil
-    if config.get("ccache") then
-        ccache = find_ccache()
-    end
-
-    -- make argv
-    local argv = table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile)
-
-    -- uses cache?
-    local program = self:program()
-    if ccache then
-            
-        -- parse the filename and arguments, e.g. "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
-        if not os.isexec(program) then
-            argv = table.join(program:split("%s"), argv)
-        else 
-            table.insert(argv, 1, program)
-        end
-        return ccache, argv
-    end
-
-    -- no cache
-    return program, argv
+    return ccache.cmdargv(self:program(), table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile))
 end
 
 -- compile the source file
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/tcc.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/tcc.lua
index 51a11df93..d4fdbd60e 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/tcc.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/tcc.lua
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import("core.base.option")
 import("core.project.config")
 import("core.project.project")
 import("core.language.language")
-import("detect.tools.find_ccache")
+import("private.tools.ccache")
 
 -- init it
 function init(self)
@@ -55,12 +55,6 @@ function init(self)
     ,   ["-s"]  = "-s"
     ,   ["-S"]  = "-S"
     })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the strip flag
@@ -157,31 +151,7 @@ end
 
 -- make the compile arguments list
 function _compargv1(self, sourcefile, objectfile, flags)
-
-    -- get ccache
-    local ccache = nil
-    if config.get("ccache") then
-        ccache = find_ccache()
-    end
-
-    -- make argv
-    local argv = table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile)
-
-    -- uses cache?
-    local program = self:program()
-    if ccache then
-            
-        -- parse the filename and arguments, e.g. "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
-        if not os.isexec(program) then
-            argv = table.join(program:split("%s"), argv)
-        else 
-            table.insert(argv, 1, program)
-        end
-        return ccache, argv
-    end
-
-    -- no cache
-    return program, argv
+    return ccache.cmdargv(self:program(), table.join("-c", flags, "-o", objectfile, sourcefile))
 end
 
 -- compile the source file
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/windres.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/windres.lua
index c4e4290cd..8ca259538 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/windres.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/windres.lua
@@ -24,12 +24,6 @@ import("core.project.project")
 
 -- init it
 function init(self)
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes",
-    {
-        ["object:sources"] = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the define flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/core/tools/yasm.lua b/xmake/modules/core/tools/yasm.lua
index d06026857..ce784e29a 100644
--- a/xmake/modules/core/tools/yasm.lua
+++ b/xmake/modules/core/tools/yasm.lua
@@ -43,12 +43,6 @@ function init(self)
     ,   ["-ftrapv"]                 = ""
     ,   ["-fsanitize=address"]      = ""
     })
-
-    -- init buildmodes
-    self:set("buildmodes", 
-    {
-        ["object:sources"]      = false
-    })
 end
 
 -- make the warning flag
diff --git a/xmake/modules/private/action/build/object.lua b/xmake/modules/private/action/build/object.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abfb3682b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/modules/private/action/build/object.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        object.lua
+--
+
+-- imports
+import("core.base.option")
+import("core.theme.theme")
+import("core.tool.compiler")
+import("core.project.depend")
+import("private.tools.ccache")
+
+-- do build file
+function _do_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
+
+    -- get build info
+    local objectfile = opt.objectfile
+    local dependfile = opt.dependfile
+    local sourcekind = opt.sourcekind
+    local progress   = opt.progress
+
+    -- load compiler 
+    local compinst = compiler.load(sourcekind, {target = target})
+
+    -- get compile flags
+    local compflags = compinst:compflags({target = target, sourcefile = sourcefile})
+
+    -- load dependent info 
+    local dependinfo = option.get("rebuild") and {} or (depend.load(dependfile) or {})
+    
+    -- need build this object?
+    local depvalues = {compinst:program(), compflags}
+    if not depend.is_changed(dependinfo, {lastmtime = os.mtime(objectfile), values = depvalues}) then
+        return 
+    end
+
+    -- is verbose?
+    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
+
+    -- exists ccache?
+    local exists_ccache = ccache.exists()
+
+    -- trace progress info
+    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", progress)
+    if verbose then
+        cprint("${dim color.build.object}%scompiling.$(mode) %s", exists_ccache and "ccache " or "", sourcefile)
+    else
+        cprint("${color.build.object}%scompiling.$(mode) %s", exists_ccache and "ccache " or "", sourcefile)
+    end
+
+    -- trace verbose info
+    if verbose then
+        print(compinst:compcmd(sourcefile, objectfile, {compflags = compflags}))
+    end
+
+    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
+    io.flush()
+
+    -- compile it 
+    dependinfo.files = {}
+    assert(compinst:compile(sourcefile, objectfile, {dependinfo = dependinfo, compflags = compflags}))
+
+    -- update files and values to the dependent file
+    dependinfo.values = depvalues
+    table.join2(dependinfo.files, sourcefile, target:pcoutputfile("cxx") or {}, target:pcoutputfile("c"))
+    depend.save(dependinfo, dependfile)
+end
+
+-- build object
+function _build_object(target, sourcebatch, index, opt)
+
+    -- get the object and source with the given index
+    local sourcefile = sourcebatch.sourcefiles[index]
+    local objectfile = sourcebatch.objectfiles[index]
+    local dependfile = sourcebatch.dependfiles[index]
+    local sourcekind = assert(sourcebatch.sourcekind, "%s: sourcekind not found!", sourcefile)
+
+    -- get progress range
+    local progress = assert(opt.progress, "no progress!")
+
+    -- calculate progress
+    local progress_now = progress.start + ((index - 1) * (progress.stop - progress.start)) / #sourcebatch.sourcefiles
+
+    -- init build option
+    local opt = {objectfile = objectfile, dependfile = dependfile, sourcekind = sourcekind, progress = progress_now}
+
+    -- do before build
+    local before_build_file = target:script("build_file_before")
+    if before_build_file then
+        before_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
+    end
+
+    -- do build 
+    local on_build_file = target:script("build_file")
+    if on_build_file then
+        opt.origin = _do_build_file
+        on_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
+        opt.origin = nil
+    else
+        _do_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
+    end
+
+    -- do after build
+    local after_build_file = target:script("build_file_after")
+    if after_build_file then
+        after_build_file(target, sourcefile, opt)
+    end
+end
+
+-- build the source files
+function main(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+
+    -- get the max job count
+    local jobs = tonumber(option.get("jobs") or "4")
+
+    -- run build jobs for each source file 
+    local curdir = os.curdir()
+    process.runjobs(function (index)
+
+        -- force to set the current directory first because the other jobs maybe changed it
+        os.cd(curdir)
+
+        -- build object
+        _build_object(target, sourcebatch, index, opt)
+
+    end, #sourcebatch.sourcefiles, jobs)
+end
diff --git a/xmake/modules/private/action/build/pcheader.lua b/xmake/modules/private/action/build/pcheader.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4cf2b949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/modules/private/action/build/pcheader.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        pcheader.lua
+--
+
+-- imports
+import("core.language.language")
+import("object")
+
+-- build the precompiled header file
+function main(target, langkind, opt)
+
+    -- get the precompiled header
+    local pcheaderfile = target:pcheaderfile(langkind)
+    if pcheaderfile then
+
+        -- init sourcefile, objectfile and dependfile
+        local sourcefile = pcheaderfile
+        local objectfile = target:pcoutputfile(langkind)
+        local dependfile = target:dependfile(objectfile)
+        local sourcekind = language.langkinds()[langkind]
+
+        -- init source batch
+        local sourcebatch = {sourcekind = sourcekind, sourcefiles = {sourcefile}, objectfiles = {objectfile}, dependfiles = {dependfile}}
+
+        -- build this precompiled header
+        local progress = opt.progress
+        if type(progress) == "number" then
+            progress = {start = progress, stop = progress}
+        end
+        object(target, sourcebatch, {progress = progress})
+    end
+end
diff --git a/xmake/modules/private/tools/ccache.lua b/xmake/modules/private/tools/ccache.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d3e6c6f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/modules/private/tools/ccache.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        ccache.lua
+--
+
+-- imports
+import("core.project.config")
+import("lib.detect.find_tool")
+
+-- get ccache tool
+function _ccache()
+    local ccache = _g.ccache
+    if ccache == nil and config.get("ccache") then
+        ccache = find_tool("ccache")
+        _g.ccache = ccache or false
+    end
+    return ccache or nil
+end
+
+-- exists ccache?
+function exists()
+    return _ccache() ~= nil
+end
+
+-- uses ccache to wrap the program and arguments
+--
+-- e.g. ccache program argv
+--
+function cmdargv(program, argv)
+
+    -- uses ccache?
+    local ccache = _ccache()
+    if ccache then
+            
+        -- parse the filename and arguments, e.g. "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
+        if not os.isexec(program) then
+            argv = table.join(program:split("%s"), argv)
+        else 
+            table.insert(argv, 1, program)
+        end
+        return ccache.program, argv
+    end
+    return program, argv
+end
diff --git a/xmake/plugins/project/clang/compile_commands.lua b/xmake/plugins/project/clang/compile_commands.lua
index 4c81c2890..a9f1adf93 100644
--- a/xmake/plugins/project/clang/compile_commands.lua
+++ b/xmake/plugins/project/clang/compile_commands.lua
@@ -55,21 +55,12 @@ function _make_object(jsonfile, target, sourcefile, objectfile)
     _g.firstline = false
 end
  
--- make each objects
-function _make_each_objects(jsonfile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
+-- make objects
+function _make_objects(jsonfile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
     for index, objectfile in ipairs(sourcebatch.objectfiles) do
         _make_object(jsonfile, target, sourcebatch.sourcefiles[index], objectfile)
     end
 end
- 
--- make single object
-function _make_single_object(jsonfile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
-
-    -- not supported now, ignore it directly
-    for _, sourcefile in ipairs(table.wrap(sourcebatch.sourcefiles)) do
-        cprint("${bright color.warning}warning: ${clear}ignore[%s]: %s", target:name(), sourcefile)
-    end
-end
 
 -- make target
 function _make_target(jsonfile, target)
@@ -80,13 +71,10 @@ function _make_target(jsonfile, target)
     target:set("pcxxheader", nil)
 
     -- build source batches
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not sourcebatch.rulename then
-            if type(sourcebatch.objectfiles) == "string" then
-                _make_single_object(jsonfile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
-            else
-                _make_each_objects(jsonfile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
-            end
+    for _, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+        local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+        if sourcekind then
+            _make_objects(jsonfile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
         end
     end
 end
diff --git a/xmake/plugins/project/clang/compile_flags.lua b/xmake/plugins/project/clang/compile_flags.lua
index de557c818..d6205700d 100644
--- a/xmake/plugins/project/clang/compile_flags.lua
+++ b/xmake/plugins/project/clang/compile_flags.lua
@@ -48,21 +48,12 @@ function _make_object(target, sourcefile, objectfile)
     _g.firstline = false
 end
  
--- make each objects
-function _make_each_objects(target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
+-- make objects
+function _make_objects(target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
     for index, objectfile in ipairs(sourcebatch.objectfiles) do
         _make_object(target, sourcebatch.sourcefiles[index], objectfile)
     end
 end
- 
--- make single object
-function _make_single_object(target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
-
-    -- not supported now, ignore it directly
-    for _, sourcefile in ipairs(table.wrap(sourcebatch.sourcefiles)) do
-        cprint("${bright yellow}warning: ${default yellow}ignore[%s]: %s", target:name(), sourcefile)
-    end
-end
 
 -- make target
 function _make_target(target)
@@ -73,13 +64,10 @@ function _make_target(target)
     target:set("pcxxheader", nil)
 
     -- build source batches
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not sourcebatch.rulename then
-            if type(sourcebatch.objectfiles) == "string" then
-                _make_single_object(target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
-            else
-                _make_each_objects(target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
-            end
+    for _, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+        local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+        if sourcekind then
+            _make_objects(target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
         end
     end
 end
diff --git a/xmake/plugins/project/make/makefile.lua b/xmake/plugins/project/make/makefile.lua
index cc15a914f..6b90fc914 100644
--- a/xmake/plugins/project/make/makefile.lua
+++ b/xmake/plugins/project/make/makefile.lua
@@ -209,63 +209,14 @@ function _make_object(makefile, target, sourcefile, objectfile, sourceflags)
     makefile:print("")
 end
  
--- make each objects
-function _make_each_objects(makefile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch, sourceflags)
+-- make objects
+function _make_objects(makefile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch, sourceflags)
 
     -- make them
     for index, objectfile in ipairs(sourcebatch.objectfiles) do
         _make_object(makefile, target, sourcebatch.sourcefiles[index], objectfile, sourceflags)
     end
 end
- 
--- make single object
-function _make_single_object(makefile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch, sourceflags)
-
-    -- get source and object files
-    local sourcefiles = sourcebatch.sourcefiles
-    local objectfiles = sourcebatch.objectfiles
-    local dependfiles = sourcebatch.dependfiles
-
-    -- get program
-    local program = platform.tool(sourcekind)
-
-    -- make command
-    local macro = "$(" .. target:name() .. '_' .. sourcekind:upper() .. ")"
-    local command = compiler.compcmd(sourcefiles, objectfiles, {compflags = macro})
-
-    -- replace program to $(XX)
-    local p, e = command:find(program, 1, true)
-    if p then
-        command = format("%s$(%s)%s", command:sub(1, p - 1), sourcekind:upper(), command:sub(e + 1)) 
-    end
-
-    -- replace ccache to $(CCACHE)
-    local ccache = false
-    p, e = command:find("ccache", 1, true)
-    if p then
-        command = format("%s$(%s)%s", command:sub(1, p - 1), "CCACHE", command:sub(e + 1))
-        ccache = true
-    end
-
-    -- make head
-    makefile:printf("%s:", objectfiles)
-
-    -- make dependence
-    for _, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcefiles) do
-        makefile:printf(" %s", sourcefile)
-    end
-    makefile:print("")
-
-    -- make body
-    for _, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcefiles) do
-        makefile:print("\t@echo %scompiling.$(mode) %s", ifelse(ccache, "ccache ", ""), sourcefile)
-    end
-    _mkdir(makefile, path.directory(objectfiles))
-    makefile:writef("\t@%s > %s 2>&1\n", command, _logfile())
-
-    -- make tail
-    makefile:print("")
-end
 
 -- make phony
 function _make_phony(makefile, target)
@@ -360,15 +311,12 @@ function _make_target(makefile, target, targetflags)
     makefile:print("")
 
     -- build source batches
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not sourcebatch.rulename then
+    for _, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+        local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+        if sourcekind then
             -- compile source files to single object at once
             local sourceflags = targetflags[target:name() .. '_' .. sourcekind:upper()]
-            if type(sourcebatch.objectfiles) == "string" then
-                _make_single_object(makefile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch, sourceflags)
-            else
-                _make_each_objects(makefile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch, sourceflags)
-            end
+            _make_objects(makefile, target, sourcekind, sourcebatch, sourceflags)
         end
     end
 end
@@ -412,8 +360,9 @@ function _make_all(makefile)
     local targetflags = {}
     for targetname, target in pairs(project.targets()) do
         if not target:isphony() then
-            for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-                if not sourcebatch.rulename then
+            for _, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+                local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+                if sourcekind then
                     local commonflags, sourceflags = _make_common_flags(target, sourcekind, sourcebatch)
                     makefile:print("%s_%s=%s", targetname, sourcekind:upper(), os.args(commonflags))
                     targetflags[targetname .. '_' .. sourcekind:upper()] = sourceflags
diff --git a/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs200x_vcproj.lua b/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs200x_vcproj.lua
index 106b97709..149330276 100644
--- a/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs200x_vcproj.lua
+++ b/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs200x_vcproj.lua
@@ -251,8 +251,9 @@ function _make_configurations(vcprojfile, vsinfo, target, vcprojdir)
  
     -- save compiler flags
     local compflags=nil
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not sourcebatch.rulename then
+    for _, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+        local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+        if sourcekind then
             for _, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcebatch.sourcefiles) do
                 local flags = compiler.compflags(sourcefile, {target = target})
                 if sourcekind == "cc" or sourcekind == "cxx" then
@@ -526,7 +527,8 @@ function _make_files(vcprojfile, vsinfo, target, vcprojdir)
         local sourcebatches = target:sourcebatches()        
         -- c/cxx files
         vcprojfile:enter("<Filter Name=\"Source Files\">")
-            for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(sourcebatches) do
+            for _, sourcebatch in pairs(sourcebatches) do
+                local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
                 if sourcekind ~= "mrc" then
                     local objectfiles = sourcebatch.objectfiles
                     for idx, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcebatch.sourcefiles) do
@@ -540,7 +542,8 @@ function _make_files(vcprojfile, vsinfo, target, vcprojdir)
 
         -- *.rc files
         vcprojfile:enter("<Filter Name=\"Resource Files\">")
-            for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(sourcebatches) do
+            for _, sourcebatch in pairs(sourcebatches) do
+                local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
                 if sourcekind == "mrc" then
                     local objectfiles = sourcebatch.objectfiles
                     for idx, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcebatch.sourcefiles) do
diff --git a/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs201x.lua b/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs201x.lua
index af0a18d0c..4d68019bb 100644
--- a/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs201x.lua
+++ b/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs201x.lua
@@ -74,8 +74,9 @@ function _make_targetinfo(mode, arch, target)
     local firstcompflags = nil
     targetinfo.compflags = {}
     targetinfo.compargvs = {}
-    for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-        if not sourcebatch.rulename then
+    for _, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+        local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+        if sourcekind then
             for idx, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcebatch.sourcefiles) do
                 local compflags = compiler.compflags(sourcefile, {target = target})
                 if not firstcompflags and (sourcekind == "cc" or sourcekind == "cxx") then
diff --git a/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs201x_vcxproj.lua b/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs201x_vcxproj.lua
index 8f6549281..65a6bad0a 100644
--- a/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs201x_vcxproj.lua
+++ b/xmake/plugins/project/vstudio/impl/vs201x_vcxproj.lua
@@ -457,8 +457,9 @@ function _make_common_items(vcxprojfile, vsinfo, target, vcxprojdir)
         local files_count = 0
         local first_flags = nil
         targetinfo.sourceflags = {}
-        for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(targetinfo.sourcebatches) do
-            if not sourcebatch.rulename and (sourcekind == "cc" or sourcekind == "cxx" or sourcekind == "as" or sourcekind == "mrc") then
+        for _, sourcebatch in pairs(targetinfo.sourcebatches) do
+            local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+            if (sourcekind == "cc" or sourcekind == "cxx" or sourcekind == "as" or sourcekind == "mrc") then
                 for _, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcebatch.sourcefiles) do
 
                     -- make compiler flags
@@ -715,8 +716,9 @@ function _make_source_files(vcxprojfile, vsinfo, target, vcxprojdir)
         -- make source file infos
         local sourceinfos = {}
         for _, targetinfo in ipairs(target.info) do
-            for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(targetinfo.sourcebatches) do
-                if not sourcebatch.rulename and (sourcekind == "cc" or sourcekind == "cxx" or sourcekind == "as" or sourcekind == "mrc") then
+            for _, sourcebatch in pairs(targetinfo.sourcebatches) do
+                local sourcekind = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+                if (sourcekind == "cc" or sourcekind == "cxx" or sourcekind == "as" or sourcekind == "mrc") then
                     local objectfiles = sourcebatch.objectfiles
                     for idx, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcebatch.sourcefiles) do
                         local objectfile    = objectfiles[idx]
diff --git a/xmake/rules/asm/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/asm/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a7e85f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/asm/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: asm.build
+rule("asm.build")
+    set_extensions(".s", ".asm")    
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: asm
+rule("asm")
+    add_deps("asm.build", "utils.merge.object", "utils.merge.archive")
diff --git a/xmake/rules/c++/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/c++/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1330fbfca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/c++/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: c.build.pcheader
+rule("c.build.pcheader")
+    before_build(function (target, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.pcheader")(target, "c", opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: c.build
+rule("c.build")
+    set_extensions(".c")    
+    add_deps("c.build.pcheader")
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: cpp.build.pcheader
+rule("cpp.build.pcheader")
+    before_build(function (target, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.pcheader")(target, "cxx", opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: cpp.build
+rule("cpp.build")
+    set_extensions(".cpp", ".cc", ".cxx")    
+    add_deps("cpp.build.pcheader")
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: cpp
+rule("cpp")
+    add_deps("cpp.build", "c.build", "utils.merge.object", "utils.merge.archive")
diff --git a/xmake/rules/cuda/devlink/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/cuda/devlink/xmake.lua
index 2854bc0d7..90c796370 100644
--- a/xmake/rules/cuda/devlink/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/rules/cuda/devlink/xmake.lua
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 --
 
 -- define rule: device-link 
-rule("cuda.devlink")
+rule("cuda.build.devlink")
 
     -- add rule: cuda environment
     add_deps("cuda.env")
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ rule("cuda.devlink")
         import("core.platform.platform")
 
         -- disable devlink?
-        if target:values("cuda.devlink") == false then
+        if target:values("cuda.build.devlink") == false then
             return
         end
 
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ rule("cuda.devlink")
 
         -- get object files
         local objectfiles = nil
-        for sourcekind, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
-            if sourcekind == "cu" then
+        for _, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+            if sourcebatch.sourcekind == "cu" then
                 objectfiles = sourcebatch.objectfiles
             end
         end
diff --git a/xmake/rules/cuda/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/cuda/xmake.lua
index 09e4c3fbe..d3e137254 100644
--- a/xmake/rules/cuda/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/rules/cuda/xmake.lua
@@ -18,9 +18,15 @@
 -- @file        xmake.lua
 --
 
+-- define rule: cuda.build
+rule("cuda.build")
+    set_extensions(".cu")    
+    add_deps("cuda.build.devlink")
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
 -- define rule: cuda
 rule("cuda")
-
-    -- add rules
-    add_deps("cuda.devlink", "cuda.gencodes")
+    add_deps("cuda.build", "cuda.gencodes")
 
diff --git a/xmake/rules/dlang/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/dlang/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27f06c432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/dlang/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: dlang.build
+rule("dlang.build")
+    set_extensions(".d")    
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: dlang
+rule("dlang")
+    add_deps("dlang.build", "utils.merge.object", "utils.merge.archive")
diff --git a/xmake/rules/go/build/object.lua b/xmake/rules/go/build/object.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e4626d56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/go/build/object.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        object.lua
+--
+
+-- imports
+import("core.base.option")
+import("core.base.hashset")
+import("core.theme.theme")
+import("core.tool.compiler")
+import("core.project.depend")
+
+-- build the source files
+function main(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+
+    -- is verbose?
+    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
+
+    -- get progress range
+    local progress = assert(opt.progress, "no progress!")
+
+    -- get source files and kind
+    local sourcefiles = sourcebatch.sourcefiles
+    local sourcekind  = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+
+    -- get object file
+    local objectfile = target:objectfile(path.join(path.directory(sourcefiles[1]), "__go__"))
+
+    -- get depend file
+    local dependfile = target:dependfile(objectfile)
+
+    -- remove the object files in sourcebatch
+    local objectfiles_set = hashset.from(sourcebatch.objectfiles)
+    for idx, file in irpairs(target:objectfiles()) do
+        if objectfiles_set:has(file) then
+            table.remove(target:objectfiles(), idx)
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- add object file
+    table.insert(target:objectfiles(), objectfile)
+
+    -- load compiler 
+    local compinst = compiler.load(sourcekind, {target = target})
+
+    -- get compile flags
+    local compflags = compinst:compflags({target = target})
+
+    -- load dependent info 
+    local dependinfo = option.get("rebuild") and {} or (depend.load(dependfile) or {})
+    
+    -- need build this object?
+    local depvalues = {compinst:program(), compflags}
+    if not depend.is_changed(dependinfo, {lastmtime = os.mtime(objectfile), values = depvalues}) then
+        return 
+    end
+
+    -- trace progress info
+    for index, sourcefile in ipairs(sourcefiles) do
+
+        -- calculate progress
+        local progress_now = progress.start + ((index - 1) * (progress.stop - progress.start)) / #sourcefiles
+
+        -- trace progress info
+        cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", progress_now)
+        if verbose then
+            cprint("${dim color.build.object}compiling.$(mode) %s", sourcefile)
+        else
+            cprint("${color.build.object}compiling.$(mode) %s", sourcefile)
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- trace verbose info
+    if verbose then
+        print(compinst:compcmd(sourcefiles, objectfile, {compflags = compflags}))
+    end
+
+    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
+    io.flush()
+
+    -- compile it 
+    dependinfo.files = {}
+    assert(compinst:compile(sourcefiles, objectfile, {dependinfo = dependinfo, compflags = compflags}))
+
+    -- update files and values to the dependent file
+    dependinfo.values = depvalues
+    table.join2(dependinfo.files, sourcefiles)
+    depend.save(dependinfo, dependfile)
+end
diff --git a/xmake/rules/go/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/go/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97d929e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/go/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: go.build
+rule("go.build")
+    set_extensions(".go")    
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: cpp
+rule("go")
+    add_deps("go.build")
diff --git a/xmake/rules/objc++/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/objc++/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..986e3d1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/objc++/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: objc.build
+rule("objc.build")
+    set_extensions(".m")    
+    add_deps("c.build.pcheader")
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: objc++.build
+rule("objc++.build")
+    set_extensions(".mm")    
+    add_deps("cpp.build.pcheader")
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: objc
+rule("objc++")
+    add_deps("objc++.build", "objc.build", "utils.merge.object", "utils.merge.archive")
diff --git a/xmake/rules/rust/build/target.lua b/xmake/rules/rust/build/target.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..812ba7f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/rust/build/target.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        target.lua
+--
+
+-- imports
+import("core.base.option")
+import("core.base.hashset")
+import("core.theme.theme")
+import("core.tool.compiler")
+import("core.project.depend")
+
+-- build the source files
+function build_sourcefiles(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+
+    -- is verbose?
+    local verbose = option.get("verbose")
+
+    -- get progress range
+    local progress = assert(opt.progress, "no progress!")
+
+    -- get the target file
+    local targetfile = target:targetfile()
+
+    -- get source files and kind
+    local sourcefiles = sourcebatch.sourcefiles
+    local sourcekind  = sourcebatch.sourcekind
+
+    -- get depend file
+    local dependfile = target:dependfile(targetfile)
+
+    -- load compiler 
+    local compinst = compiler.load(sourcekind, {target = target})
+
+    -- get compile flags
+    local compflags = compinst:compflags({target = target})
+
+    -- load dependent info 
+    local dependinfo = option.get("rebuild") and {} or (depend.load(dependfile) or {})
+    
+    -- need build this object?
+    local depvalues = {compinst:program(), compflags}
+    if not depend.is_changed(dependinfo, {lastmtime = os.mtime(targetfile), values = depvalues}) then
+        return 
+    end
+
+    -- trace progress into
+    cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", progress.start)
+    if verbose then
+        cprint("${dim color.build.target}linking.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
+    else
+        cprint("${color.build.target}linking.$(mode) %s", path.filename(targetfile))
+    end
+
+    -- trace verbose info
+    if verbose then
+        print(compinst:buildcmd(sourcefiles, targetfile, {target = target, compflags = compflags}))
+    end
+
+    -- flush io buffer to update progress info
+    io.flush()
+
+    -- compile it 
+    dependinfo.files = {}
+    assert(compinst:build(sourcefiles, targetfile, {target = target, dependinfo = dependinfo, compflags = compflags}))
+
+    -- update files and values to the dependent file
+    dependinfo.values = depvalues
+    table.join2(dependinfo.files, sourcefiles)
+    depend.save(dependinfo, dependfile)
+end
+
+-- build target
+function main(target, opt)
+
+    -- @note only support one source kind!
+    for _, sourcebatch in pairs(target:sourcebatches()) do
+        if sourcebatch.sourcekind == "rc" then
+            build_sourcefiles(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+            break
+        end
+    end
+end
diff --git a/xmake/rules/rust/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/rust/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d88f2c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/rust/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: rust.build
+rule("rust.build")
+    set_extensions(".rs")    
+    on_build(function (target, opt)
+        import("build.target")(target, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: cpp
+rule("rust")
+    add_deps("rust.build")
diff --git a/xmake/rules/swift/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/swift/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9be96096d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/swift/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: swift.build
+rule("swift.build")
+    set_extensions(".swift")    
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
+-- define rule: swift
+rule("swift")
+    add_deps("swift.build", "utils.merge.object")
diff --git a/xmake/rules/utils/merge_archive/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/utils/merge_archive/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d78b0258c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/utils/merge_archive/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: utils.merge.archive
+rule("utils.merge.archive")
+
+    -- set extensions
+    set_extensions(".a", ".lib")
+
+    -- on build file
+    on_build_file(function (target, sourcefile_lib, opt)
+
+        -- imports
+        import("core.base.option")
+        import("core.theme.theme")
+        import("core.project.depend")
+        import("core.tool.extractor")
+        import("core.project.target", {alias = "project_target"})
+
+        -- get object directory of the archive file
+        local objectdir = target:objectfile(sourcefile_lib) .. ".dir"
+
+        -- load dependent info 
+        local dependfile = target:dependfile(objectdir)
+        local dependinfo = option.get("rebuild") and {} or (depend.load(dependfile) or {})
+
+        -- need build this object?
+        if not depend.is_changed(dependinfo, {lastmtime = os.mtime(objectdir)}) then
+            local objectfiles = os.files(path.join(objectdir, "**" .. project_target.filename("", "object")))
+            table.join2(target:objectfiles(), objectfiles)
+            return 
+        end
+
+        -- trace progress info
+        cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", opt.progress)
+        if option.get("verbose") then
+            cprint("${dim color.build.object}inserting.$(mode) %s", sourcefile_lib)
+            print("extracting %s to %s", sourcefile_lib, objectdir)
+        else
+            cprint("${color.build.object}inserting.$(mode) %s", sourcefile_lib)
+        end
+
+        -- flush io buffer to update progress info
+        io.flush()
+
+        -- extract the archive library 
+        os.tryrm(objectdir)
+        extractor.extract(sourcefile_lib, objectdir)
+
+        -- add objectfiles
+        local objectfiles = os.files(path.join(objectdir, "**" .. project_target.filename("", "object")))
+        table.join2(target:objectfiles(), objectfiles)
+
+        -- update files to the dependent file
+        dependinfo.files = {}
+        table.insert(dependinfo.files, sourcefile_lib)
+        depend.save(dependinfo, dependfile)
+    end)
+
diff --git a/xmake/rules/utils/merge_object/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/utils/merge_object/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1918631a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xmake/rules/utils/merge_object/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+--!A cross-platform build utility based on Lua
+--
+-- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+-- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+-- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+--
+--     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+--
+-- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+-- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+-- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+-- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+-- limitations under the License.
+-- 
+-- Copyright (C) 2015 - 2019, TBOOX Open Source Group.
+--
+-- @author      ruki
+-- @file        xmake.lua
+--
+
+-- define rule: utils.merge.object
+rule("utils.merge.object")
+
+    -- set extensions
+    set_extensions(".o", ".obj")
+
+    -- on build file
+    on_build_file(function (target, sourcefile_obj, opt)
+
+        -- imports
+        import("core.base.option")
+        import("core.theme.theme")
+        import("core.project.depend")
+
+        -- get object file
+        local objectfile = target:objectfile(sourcefile_obj)
+
+        -- add objectfile
+        table.insert(target:objectfiles(), objectfile)
+
+        -- load dependent info 
+        local dependfile = target:dependfile(objectfile)
+        local dependinfo = option.get("rebuild") and {} or (depend.load(dependfile) or {})
+
+        -- need build this object?
+        if not depend.is_changed(dependinfo, {lastmtime = os.mtime(objectfile)}) then
+            return 
+        end
+
+        -- trace progress info
+        cprintf("${color.build.progress}" .. theme.get("text.build.progress_format") .. ":${clear} ", opt.progress)
+        if option.get("verbose") then
+            cprint("${dim color.build.object}inserting.$(mode) %s", sourcefile_obj)
+            print("copying %s to %s", sourcefile_obj, objectfile)
+        else
+            cprint("${color.build.object}inserting.$(mode) %s", sourcefile_obj)
+        end
+
+        -- flush io buffer to update progress info
+        io.flush()
+
+        -- insert this object file
+        os.cp(sourcefile_obj, objectfile)
+
+        -- update files to the dependent file
+        dependinfo.files = {}
+        table.insert(dependinfo.files, sourcefile_obj)
+        depend.save(dependinfo, dependfile)
+    end)
+
diff --git a/xmake/rules/winsdk/xmake.lua b/xmake/rules/winsdk/xmake.lua
index d9b08efea..66accd6aa 100644
--- a/xmake/rules/winsdk/xmake.lua
+++ b/xmake/rules/winsdk/xmake.lua
@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@
 -- @file        xmake.lua
 --
 
+-- define rule: win.sdk.resource
+rule("win.sdk.resource")
+    set_extensions(".rc")    
+    on_build_files(function (target, sourcebatch, opt)
+        import("private.action.build.object")(target, sourcebatch, opt)
+    end)
+
 -- define rule: application
 rule("win.sdk.application")