[libcpu] add c-sky ck802 support

5 files changed, 2580 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_core.h b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_core.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de44ad6d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 C-SKY Microsystems Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ * @file     csi_core.h
+ * @brief    CSI Core Layer Header File
+ * @version  V1.0
+ * @date     02. June 2017
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _CORE_H_
+#define _CORE_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "csi_gcc.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+/* ##################################    NVIC function  ############################################ */
+
+/**
+  \brief   initialize the NVIC interrupt controller
+  \param [in]      prio_bits  the priority bits of NVIC interrupt controller.
+ */
+void drv_nvic_init(uint32_t prio_bits);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Enable External Interrupt
+  \details Enables a device-specific interrupt in the NVIC interrupt controller.
+  \param [in]      irq_num  External interrupt number. Value cannot be negative.
+ */
+void drv_nvic_enable_irq(int32_t irq_num);
+/**
+  \brief   Disable External Interrupt
+  \details Disables a device-specific interrupt in the NVIC interrupt controller.
+  \param [in]      irq_num  External interrupt number. Value cannot be negative.
+ */
+void drv_nvic_disable_irq(int32_t irq_num);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get Pending Interrupt
+  \details Reads the pending register in the NVIC and returns the pending bit for the specified interrupt.
+  \param [in]      irq_num  Interrupt number.
+  \return             0  Interrupt status is not pending.
+  \return             1  Interrupt status is pending.
+ */
+uint32_t drv_nvic_get_pending_irq(int32_t irq_num);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set Pending Interrupt
+  \details Sets the pending bit of an external interrupt.
+  \param [in]      irq_num  Interrupt number. Value cannot be negative.
+ */
+void drv_nvic_set_pending_irq(int32_t irq_num);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Clear Pending Interrupt
+  \details Clears the pending bit of an external interrupt.
+  \param [in]      irq_num  External interrupt number. Value cannot be negative.
+ */
+void drv_nvic_clear_pending_irq(int32_t irq_num);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get Active Interrupt
+  \details Reads the active register in the NVIC and returns the active bit for the device specific interrupt.
+  \param [in]      irq_num  Device specific interrupt number.
+  \return             0  Interrupt status is not active.
+  \return             1  Interrupt status is active.
+  \note    irq_num must not be negative.
+ */
+uint32_t drv_nvic_get_active(int32_t irq_num);
+
+/**
+ \brief   Set Interrupt Priority
+ \details Sets the priority of an interrupt.
+ \note    The priority cannot be set for every core interrupt.
+ \param [in]      irq_num  Interrupt number.
+ \param [in]  priority  Priority to set.
+*/
+void drv_nvic_set_prio(int32_t irq_num, uint32_t priority);
+/**
+  \brief   Get Interrupt Priority
+  \details Reads the priority of an interrupt.
+           The interrupt number can be positive to specify an external (device specific) interrupt,
+           or negative to specify an internal (core) interrupt.
+  \param [in]   irq_num  Interrupt number.
+  \return             Interrupt Priority.
+                      Value is aligned automatically to the implemented priority bits of the microcontroller.
+ */
+uint32_t drv_nvic_get_prio(int32_t irq_num);
+
+/*@} end of CSI_Core_NVICFunctions */
+
+
+/* ##########################  Cache functions  #################################### */
+
+/**
+  \brief   Enable I-Cache
+  \details Turns on I-Cache
+  */
+void drv_icache_enable(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Disable I-Cache
+  \details Turns off I-Cache
+  */
+void drv_icache_disable(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Invalidate I-Cache
+  \details Invalidates I-Cache
+  */
+void drv_icache_invalid(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Enable D-Cache
+  \details Turns on D-Cache
+  \note    I-Cache also turns on.
+  */
+void drv_dcache_enable(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Disable D-Cache
+  \details Turns off D-Cache
+  \note    I-Cache also turns off.
+  */
+void drv_dcache_disable(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Invalidate D-Cache
+  \details Invalidates D-Cache
+  \note    I-Cache also invalid
+  */
+void drv_dcache_invalid(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Clean D-Cache
+  \details Cleans D-Cache
+  \note    I-Cache also cleans
+  */
+void drv_dcache_clean(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Clean & Invalidate D-Cache
+  \details Cleans and Invalidates D-Cache
+  \note    I-Cache also flush.
+  */
+void drv_dcache_clean_invalid(void);
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   D-Cache Invalidate by address
+  \details Invalidates D-Cache for the given address
+  \param[in]   addr    address (aligned to 16-byte boundary)
+  \param[in]   dsize   size of memory block (in number of bytes)
+*/
+void drv_dcache_invalid_range(uint32_t *addr, int32_t dsize);
+
+/**
+  \brief   D-Cache Clean by address
+  \details Cleans D-Cache for the given address
+  \param[in]   addr    address (aligned to 16-byte boundary)
+  \param[in]   dsize   size of memory block (in number of bytes)
+*/
+void drv_dcache_clean_range(uint32_t *addr, int32_t dsize);
+
+/**
+  \brief   D-Cache Clean and Invalidate by address
+  \details Cleans and invalidates D_Cache for the given address
+  \param[in]   addr    address (aligned to 16-byte boundary)
+  \param[in]   dsize   size of memory block (in number of bytes)
+*/
+void drv_dcache_clean_invalid_range(uint32_t *addr, int32_t dsize);
+
+/**
+  \brief   setup cacheable range Cache
+  \details setup Cache range
+  */
+void drv_cache_set_range(uint32_t index, uint32_t baseAddr, uint32_t size, uint32_t enable);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Enable cache profile
+  \details Turns on Cache profile
+  */
+void drv_cache_enable_profile(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   Disable cache profile
+  \details Turns off Cache profile
+  */
+void drv_cache_disable_profile(void);
+/**
+  \brief   Reset cache profile
+  \details Reset Cache profile
+  */
+void drv_cache_reset_profile(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   cache access times
+  \details Cache access times
+  \note    every 256 access add 1.
+  */
+uint32_t drv_cache_get_access_time(void);
+
+/**
+  \brief   cache miss times
+  \details Cache miss times
+  \note    every 256 miss add 1.
+  */
+uint32_t drv_cache_get_miss_time(void);
+
+/* ##################################    SysTick function  ############################################ */
+
+/**
+  \brief   CORE timer Configuration
+  \details Initializes the System Timer and its interrupt, and starts the System Tick Timer.
+           Counter is in free running mode to generate periodic interrupts.
+  \param [in]  ticks  Number of ticks between two interrupts.
+  \param [in]  irq_num   core timer Interrupt number.
+  \return          0  Function succeeded.
+  \return          1  Function failed.
+  \note    When the variable <b>__Vendor_SysTickConfig</b> is set to 1, then the
+           function <b>SysTick_Config</b> is not included. In this case, the file <b><i>device</i>.h</b>
+           must contain a vendor-specific implementation of this function.
+ */
+uint32_t drv_coret_config(uint32_t ticks, int32_t irq_num);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _CORE_H_ */
diff --git a/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_gcc.h b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_gcc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51d9bf6944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_gcc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 C-SKY Microsystems Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ * @file     csi_gcc.h
+ * @brief    CSI Header File for GCC.
+ * @version  V1.0
+ * @date     02. June 2017
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _CSI_GCC_H_
+#define _CSI_GCC_H_
+
+#define __ASM            __asm                                      /*!< asm keyword for GNU Compiler */
+#define __INLINE         inline                                     /*!< inline keyword for GNU Compiler */
+#define __ALWAYS_INLINE  __attribute__((always_inline)) static inline
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "csi_reg.h"
+#include "csi_instr.h"
+#include "csi_simd.h"
+
+#endif /* _CSI_GCC_H_ */
diff --git a/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_instr.h b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_instr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23e3ee05d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_instr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 C-SKY Microsystems Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ * @file     csi_instr.h
+ * @brief    CSI Header File for instruct.
+ * @version  V1.0
+ * @date     02. June 2017
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _CSI_INSTR_H_
+#define _CSI_INSTR_H_
+
+
+#define __CSI_GCC_OUT_REG(r) "=r" (r)
+#define __CSI_GCC_USE_REG(r) "r" (r)
+
+/**
+  \brief   No Operation
+  \details No Operation does nothing. This instruction can be used for code alignment purposes.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __NOP(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("nop");
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Wait For Interrupt
+  \details Wait For Interrupt is a hint instruction that suspends execution until one of a number of events occurs.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __WFI(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("wait");
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Wait For Interrupt
+  \details Wait For Interrupt is a hint instruction that suspends execution until one interrupt occurs.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __WAIT(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("wait");
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Doze For Interrupt
+  \details Doze For Interrupt is a hint instruction that suspends execution until one interrupt occurs.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __DOZE(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("doze");
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Stop For Interrupt
+  \details Stop For Interrupt is a hint instruction that suspends execution until one interrupt occurs.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __STOP(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("stop");
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Instruction Synchronization Barrier
+  \details Instruction Synchronization Barrier flushes the pipeline in the processor,
+           so that all instructions following the ISB are fetched from cache or memory,
+           after the instruction has been completed.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __ISB(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("sync"::: "memory");
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Data Synchronization Barrier
+  \details Acts as a special kind of Data Memory Barrier.
+           It completes when all explicit memory accesses before this instruction complete.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __DSB(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("sync"::: "memory");
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Data Memory Barrier
+  \details Ensures the apparent order of the explicit memory operations before
+           and after the instruction, without ensuring their completion.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __DMB(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("sync"::: "memory");
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Reverse byte order (32 bit)
+  \details Reverses the byte order in integer value.
+  \param [in]    value  Value to reverse
+  \return               Reversed value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __REV(uint32_t value)
+{
+    return __builtin_bswap32(value);
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Reverse byte order (16 bit)
+  \details Reverses the byte order in two unsigned short values.
+  \param [in]    value  Value to reverse
+  \return               Reversed value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __REV16(uint32_t value)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+#if (__CK80X >= 2)
+    __ASM volatile("revh %0, %1" : __CSI_GCC_OUT_REG(result) : __CSI_GCC_USE_REG(value));
+#else
+    result = ((value & 0xFF000000) >> 8) | ((value & 0x00FF0000) << 8) |
+             ((value & 0x0000FF00) >> 8) | ((value & 0x000000FF) << 8);
+#endif
+    return (result);
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Reverse byte order in signed short value
+  \details Reverses the byte order in a signed short value with sign extension to integer.
+  \param [in]    value  Value to reverse
+  \return               Reversed value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE int32_t __REVSH(int32_t value)
+{
+    return (short)(((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) | ((value & 0x00FF) << 8));
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Rotate Right in unsigned value (32 bit)
+  \details Rotate Right (immediate) provides the value of the contents of a register rotated by a variable number of bits.
+  \param [in]    op1  Value to rotate
+  \param [in]    op2  Number of Bits to rotate
+  \return               Rotated value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __ROR(uint32_t op1, uint32_t op2)
+{
+    return (op1 >> op2) | (op1 << (32U - op2));
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Breakpoint
+  \details Causes the processor to enter Debug state
+           Debug tools can use this to investigate system state when the instruction at a particular address is reached.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __BKPT()
+{
+    __ASM volatile("bkpt");
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Reverse bit order of value
+  \details Reverses the bit order of the given value.
+  \param [in]    value  Value to reverse
+  \return               Reversed value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __RBIT(uint32_t value)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+#if       (__CK80X >= 0x03U)
+    __ASM volatile("brev %0, %1" : "=r"(result) : "r"(value));
+#else
+    int32_t s = 4 /*sizeof(v)*/ * 8 - 1; /* extra shift needed at end */
+
+    result = value;                      /* r will be reversed bits of v; first get LSB of v */
+
+    for (value >>= 1U; value; value >>= 1U)
+    {
+        result <<= 1U;
+        result |= value & 1U;
+        s--;
+    }
+
+    result <<= s;                        /* shift when v's highest bits are zero */
+#endif
+    return (result);
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Count leading zeros
+  \details Counts the number of leading zeros of a data value.
+  \param [in]  value  Value to count the leading zeros
+  \return             number of leading zeros in value
+ */
+#define __CLZ             __builtin_clz
+/**
+  \details This function saturates a signed value.
+  \param [in]    x   Value to be saturated
+  \param [in]    y   Bit position to saturate to [1..32]
+  \return            Saturated value.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE int32_t __SSAT(int32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t posMax, negMin;
+    uint32_t i;
+
+    posMax = 1;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < (y - 1); i++)
+    {
+        posMax = posMax * 2;
+    }
+
+    if (x > 0)
+    {
+        posMax = (posMax - 1);
+
+        if (x > posMax)
+        {
+            x = posMax;
+        }
+
+//    x &= (posMax * 2 + 1);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        negMin = -posMax;
+
+        if (x < negMin)
+        {
+            x = negMin;
+        }
+
+//    x &= (posMax * 2 - 1);
+    }
+
+    return (x);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Unsigned Saturate
+  \details Saturates an unsigned value.
+  \param [in]  value  Value to be saturated
+  \param [in]    sat  Bit position to saturate to (0..31)
+  \return             Saturated value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __USAT(uint32_t value, uint32_t sat)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    if ((((0xFFFFFFFF >> sat) << sat) & value) != 0)
+    {
+        result = 0xFFFFFFFF >> (32 - sat);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = value;
+    }
+
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Unsigned Saturate for internal use
+  \details Saturates an unsigned value, should not call directly.
+  \param [in]  value  Value to be saturated
+  \param [in]    sat  Bit position to saturate to (0..31)
+  \return             Saturated value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __IUSAT(uint32_t value, uint32_t sat)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    if (value & 0x80000000)   /* only overflow set bit-31 */
+    {
+        result = 0;
+    }
+    else if ((((0xFFFFFFFF >> sat) << sat) & value) != 0)
+    {
+        result = 0xFFFFFFFF >> (32 - sat);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = value;
+    }
+
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Rotate Right with Extend
+  \details This function moves each bit of a bitstring right by one bit.
+           The carry input is shifted in at the left end of the bitstring.
+  \note    carry input will always 0.
+  \param [in]    op1  Value to rotate
+  \return               Rotated value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __RRX(uint32_t op1)
+{
+#if (__CK80X >= 2)
+    uint32_t res = 0;
+    __ASM volatile("bgeni    t0, 31\n\t"
+                   "lsri     %0, 1\n\t"
+                   "movt     %1, t0\n\t"
+                   "or       %1, %1, %0\n\t"
+                   : "=r"(op1), "=r"(res): "0"(op1), "1"(res): "t0");
+    return res;
+#else
+    uint32_t res = 0;
+    __ASM volatile("movi     r7, 0\n\t"
+                   "bseti    r7, 31\n\t"
+                   "lsri     %0, 1\n\t"
+                   "bf       1f\n\t"
+                   "mov     %1, r7\n\t"
+                   "1:\n\t"
+                   "or       %1, %1, %0\n\t"
+                   : "=r"(op1), "=r"(res): "0"(op1), "1"(res): "r7");
+    return res;
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   LDRT Unprivileged (8 bit)
+  \details Executes a Unprivileged LDRT instruction for 8 bit value.
+  \param [in]    addr  Pointer to location
+  \return             value of type uint8_t at (*ptr)
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint8_t __LDRBT(volatile uint8_t *addr)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+//#warning "__LDRBT"
+    __ASM volatile("ldb %0, (%1, 0)" : "=r"(result) : "r"(addr));
+    return ((uint8_t) result);    /* Add explicit type cast here */
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   LDRT Unprivileged (16 bit)
+  \details Executes a Unprivileged LDRT instruction for 16 bit values.
+  \param [in]    addr  Pointer to location
+  \return        value of type uint16_t at (*ptr)
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint16_t __LDRHT(volatile uint16_t *addr)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+//#warning "__LDRHT"
+    __ASM volatile("ldh %0, (%1, 0)" : "=r"(result) : "r"(addr));
+    return ((uint16_t) result);    /* Add explicit type cast here */
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   LDRT Unprivileged (32 bit)
+  \details Executes a Unprivileged LDRT instruction for 32 bit values.
+  \param [in]    addr  Pointer to location
+  \return        value of type uint32_t at (*ptr)
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __LDRT(volatile uint32_t *addr)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+//#warning "__LDRT"
+    __ASM volatile("ldw %0, (%1, 0)" : "=r"(result) : "r"(addr));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   STRT Unprivileged (8 bit)
+  \details Executes a Unprivileged STRT instruction for 8 bit values.
+  \param [in]  value  Value to store
+  \param [in]    addr  Pointer to location
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __STRBT(uint8_t value, volatile uint8_t *addr)
+{
+//#warning "__STRBT"
+    __ASM volatile("stb %1, (%0, 0)" :: "r"(addr), "r"((uint32_t)value) : "memory");
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   STRT Unprivileged (16 bit)
+  \details Executes a Unprivileged STRT instruction for 16 bit values.
+  \param [in]  value  Value to store
+  \param [in]    addr  Pointer to location
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __STRHT(uint16_t value, volatile uint16_t *addr)
+{
+//#warning "__STRHT"
+    __ASM volatile("sth %1, (%0, 0)" :: "r"(addr), "r"((uint32_t)value) : "memory");
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   STRT Unprivileged (32 bit)
+  \details Executes a Unprivileged STRT instruction for 32 bit values.
+  \param [in]  value  Value to store
+  \param [in]    addr  Pointer to location
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __STRT(uint32_t value, volatile uint32_t *addr)
+{
+//#warning "__STRT"
+    __ASM volatile("stw %1, (%0, 0)" :: "r"(addr), "r"(value) : "memory");
+}
+
+/*@}*/ /* end of group CSI_Core_InstructionInterface */
+
+
+/* ##########################  FPU functions  #################################### */
+
+/**
+  \brief   get FPU type
+  \details returns the FPU type, always 0.
+  \returns
+   - \b  0: No FPU
+   - \b  1: Single precision FPU
+   - \b  2: Double + Single precision FPU
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_FPUType(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<13, 0>" : "=r"(result));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+#endif /* _CSI_INSTR_H_ */
diff --git a/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_reg.h b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_reg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6eefaa8ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_reg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 C-SKY Microsystems Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ * @file     csi_reg.h
+ * @brief    CSI Header File for reg.
+ * @version  V1.0
+ * @date     02. June 2017
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _CSI_REG_H_
+#define _CSI_REG_H_
+
+#include<csi_gcc.h>
+
+/**
+  \brief   Enable IRQ Interrupts
+  \details Enables IRQ interrupts by setting the IE-bit in the PSR.
+           Can only be executed in Privileged modes.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __enable_irq(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("psrset ie");
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Disable IRQ Interrupts
+  \details Disables IRQ interrupts by clearing the IE-bit in the PSR.
+  Can only be executed in Privileged modes.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __disable_irq(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("psrclr ie");
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get PSR
+  \details Returns the content of the PSR Register.
+  \return               PSR Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_PSR(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, psr" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set PSR
+  \details Writes the given value to the PSR Register.
+  \param [in]    psr  PSR Register value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_PSR(uint32_t psr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, psr" : : "r"(psr));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get SP
+  \details Returns the content of the SP Register.
+  \return               SP Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_SP(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mov %0, sp" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set SP
+  \details Writes the given value to the SP Register.
+  \param [in]    sp  SP Register value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_SP(uint32_t sp)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mov sp, %0" : : "r"(sp): "sp");
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get VBR Register
+  \details Returns the content of the VBR Register.
+  \return               VBR Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_VBR(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, vbr" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set VBR
+  \details Writes the given value to the VBR Register.
+  \param [in]    vbr  VBR Register value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_VBR(uint32_t vbr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, vbr" : : "r"(vbr));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get EPC Register
+  \details Returns the content of the EPC Register.
+  \return               EPC Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_EPC(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, epc" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set EPC
+  \details Writes the given value to the EPC Register.
+  \param [in]    epc  EPC Register value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_EPC(uint32_t epc)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, epc" : : "r"(epc));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get EPSR
+  \details Returns the content of the EPSR Register.
+  \return               EPSR Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_EPSR(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, epsr" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set EPSR
+  \details Writes the given value to the EPSR Register.
+  \param [in]    epsr  EPSR Register value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_EPSR(uint32_t epsr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, epsr" : : "r"(epsr));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get CPUID Register
+  \details Returns the content of the CPUID Register.
+  \return               CPUID Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_CPUID(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<13, 0>" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+#if       (__SOFTRESET_PRESENT == 1U)
+/**
+  \brief   Set SRCR
+  \details Assigns the given value to the SRCR.
+  \param [in]    srcr  SRCR value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_SRCR(uint32_t srcr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, cr<31, 0>\n" : : "r"(srcr));
+}
+#endif /* __SOFTRESET_PRESENT == 1U */
+
+#if       (__MGU_PRESENT == 1U)
+/**
+  \brief   Get CCR
+  \details Returns the current value of the CCR.
+  \return               CCR Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_CCR(void)
+{
+    register uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<18, 0>\n"  : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set CCR
+  \details Assigns the given value to the CCR.
+  \param [in]    ccr  CCR value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_CCR(uint32_t ccr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, cr<18, 0>\n" : : "r"(ccr));
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get CAPR
+  \details Returns the current value of the CAPR.
+  \return               CAPR Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_CAPR(void)
+{
+    register uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<19, 0>\n" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set CAPR
+  \details Assigns the given value to the CAPR.
+  \param [in]    capr  CAPR value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_CAPR(uint32_t capr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, cr<19, 0>\n" : : "r"(capr));
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set PACR
+  \details Assigns the given value to the PACR.
+
+    \param [in]    pacr  PACR value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_PACR(uint32_t pacr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, cr<20, 0>\n" : : "r"(pacr));
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get PACR
+  \details Returns the current value of PACR.
+  \return               PACR value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_PACR(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<20, 0>" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set PRSR
+  \details Assigns the given value to the PRSR.
+
+    \param [in]    prsr  PRSR value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_PRSR(uint32_t prsr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, cr<21, 0>\n" : : "r"(prsr));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get PRSR
+  \details Returns the current value of PRSR.
+  \return               PRSR value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_PRSR(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<21, 0>" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+#endif /* __MGU_PRESENT == 1U */
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get user sp
+  \details Returns the current value of user r14.
+  \return               UR14 value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_UR14(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<14, 1>" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Enable interrupts and exceptions
+  \details Enables interrupts and exceptions by setting the IE-bit and EE-bit in the PSR.
+           Can only be executed in Privileged modes.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __enable_excp_irq(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("psrset ee, ie");
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Disable interrupts and exceptions
+  \details Disables interrupts and exceptions by clearing the IE-bit and EE-bit in the PSR.
+           Can only be executed in Privileged modes.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __disable_excp_irq(void)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("psrclr ee, ie");
+}
+
+#if       (__GSR_GCR_PRESENT == 1U)
+/**
+  \brief   Get GSR
+  \details Returns the content of the GSR Register.
+  \return               GSR Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_GSR(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<12, 0>" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Get GCR
+  \details Returns the content of the GCR Register.
+  \return               GCR Register value
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __get_GCR(void)
+{
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    __ASM volatile("mfcr %0, cr<11, 0>" : "=r"(result));
+    return (result);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Set GCR
+  \details Writes the given value to the GCR Register.
+  \param [in]    gcr  GCR Register value to set
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE void __set_GCR(uint32_t gcr)
+{
+    __ASM volatile("mtcr %0, cr<11, 0>" : : "r"(gcr));
+}
+
+#endif /* (__GSR_GCR_PRESENT == 1U) */
+
+
+#endif /* _CSI_REG_H_ */
diff --git a/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_simd.h b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_simd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6ddfcbdc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcpu/c-sky/common/csi_simd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1483 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 C-SKY Microsystems Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ * @file     csi_simd.h
+ * @brief    CSI Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) Header File for GCC.
+ * @version  V1.0
+ * @date     02. June 2017
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _CSI_SIMD_H_
+#define _CSI_SIMD_H_
+
+/**
+  \brief   Halfword packing instruction. Combines bits[15:0] of val1 with bits[31:16]
+           of val2 levitated with the val3.
+  \details Combine a halfword from one register with a halfword from another register.
+           The second argument can be left-shifted before extraction of the halfword.
+  \param [in]    val1   first 16-bit operands
+  \param [in]    val2   second 16-bit operands
+  \param [in]    val3   value for left-shifting val2. Value range [0..31].
+  \return               the combination of halfwords.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]              \n
+                 res[31:16] = val2[31:16] << val3
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __PKHBT(uint32_t val1, uint32_t val2, uint32_t val3)
+{
+    return ((((int32_t)(val1) << 0) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF) | (((int32_t)(val2) << val3) & (int32_t)0xFFFF0000));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Halfword packing instruction. Combines bits[31:16] of val1 with bits[15:0]
+           of val2 right-shifted with the val3.
+  \details Combine a halfword from one register with a halfword from another register.
+           The second argument can be right-shifted before extraction of the halfword.
+  \param [in]    val1   first 16-bit operands
+  \param [in]    val2   second 16-bit operands
+  \param [in]    val3   value for right-shifting val2. Value range [1..32].
+  \return               the combination of halfwords.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val2[15:0] >> val3        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __PKHTB(uint32_t val1, uint32_t val2, uint32_t val3)
+{
+    return ((((int32_t)(val1) << 0) & (int32_t)0xFFFF0000) | (((int32_t)(val2) >> val3) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed saturate.
+  \details This function saturates a signed value.
+  \param [in]    x   two signed 16-bit values to be saturated.
+  \param [in]    y   bit position for saturation, an integral constant expression in the range 1 to 16.
+  \return        the sum of the absolute differences of the following bytes, added to the accumulation value:\n
+                 the signed saturation of the low halfword in val1, saturated to the bit position specified in
+                 val2 and returned in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the signed saturation of the high halfword in val1, saturated to the bit position specified in
+                 val2 and returned in the high halfword of the return value.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SSAT16(int32_t x, const uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r = 0, s = 0;
+
+    r = __SSAT((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16), y) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __SSAT((((int32_t)x) >> 16), y) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned saturate.
+  \details This function enables you to saturate two signed 16-bit values to a selected unsigned range.
+  \param [in]    x   two signed 16-bit values to be saturated.
+  \param [in]    y   bit position for saturation, an integral constant expression in the range 1 to 16.
+  \return        the saturation of the two signed 16-bit values, as non-negative values:
+                 the saturation of the low halfword in val1, saturated to the bit position specified in
+                 val2 and returned in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturation of the high halfword in val1, saturated to the bit position specified in
+                 val2 and returned in the high halfword of the return value.
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __USAT16(uint32_t x, const uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r = 0, s = 0;
+
+    r = __IUSAT(((x << 16) >> 16), y) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __IUSAT(((x) >> 16), y) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit saturating addition.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four 8-bit integer additions,
+           saturating the results to the 8-bit signed integer range -2^7 <= x <= 2^7 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the saturated addition of the first byte of each operand in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the second byte of each operand in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the third byte of each operand in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the fourth byte of each operand in the fourth byte of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 8-bit signed integer range -2^7 <= x <= 2^7 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = val1[7:0]   + val2[7:0]        \n
+                 res[15:8]  = val1[15:8]  + val2[15:8]       \n
+                 res[23:16] = val1[23:16] + val2[23:16]      \n
+                 res[31:24] = val1[31:24] + val2[31:24]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __QADD8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x << 24) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y << 24) >> 24)), 8) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    s = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 24)), 8) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    t = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x <<  8) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y <<  8) >> 24)), 8) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    u = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y) >> 24)), 8) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit unsigned saturating addition.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four unsigned 8-bit integer additions,
+           saturating the results to the 8-bit unsigned integer range 0 < x < 2^8 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the saturated addition of the first byte of each operand in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the second byte of each operand in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the third byte of each operand in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the fourth byte of each operand in the fourth byte of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 8-bit signed integer range 0 <= x <= 2^8 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = val1[7:0]   + val2[7:0]        \n
+                 res[15:8]  = val1[15:8]  + val2[15:8]       \n
+                 res[23:16] = val1[23:16] + val2[23:16]      \n
+                 res[31:24] = val1[31:24] + val2[31:24]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UQADD8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = __IUSAT((((x << 24) >> 24) + ((y << 24) >> 24)), 8) & 0x000000FF;
+    s = __IUSAT((((x << 16) >> 24) + ((y << 16) >> 24)), 8) & 0x000000FF;
+    t = __IUSAT((((x <<  8) >> 24) + ((y <<  8) >> 24)), 8) & 0x000000FF;
+    u = __IUSAT((((x) >> 24) + ((y) >> 24)), 8) & 0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit signed addition.
+  \details This function performs four 8-bit signed integer additions.
+  \param [in]    x  first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y  second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the addition of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the second bytes of each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the third bytes of each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the fourth bytes of each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = val1[7:0]   + val2[7:0]        \n
+                 res[15:8]  = val1[15:8]  + val2[15:8]       \n
+                 res[23:16] = val1[23:16] + val2[23:16]      \n
+                 res[31:24] = val1[31:24] + val2[31:24]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SADD8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = ((((int32_t)x << 24) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y << 24) >> 24)) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    s = ((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 24)) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    t = ((((int32_t)x <<  8) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y <<  8) >> 24)) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    u = ((((int32_t)x) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y) >> 24)) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit unsigned addition.
+  \details This function performs four unsigned 8-bit integer additions.
+  \param [in]    x  first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y  second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the addition of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the second bytes of each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the third bytes of each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the fourth bytes of each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = val1[7:0]   + val2[7:0]        \n
+                 res[15:8]  = val1[15:8]  + val2[15:8]       \n
+                 res[23:16] = val1[23:16] + val2[23:16]      \n
+                 res[31:24] = val1[31:24] + val2[31:24]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UADD8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = (((x << 24) >> 24) + ((y << 24) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    s = (((x << 16) >> 24) + ((y << 16) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    t = (((x <<  8) >> 24) + ((y <<  8) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    u = (((x) >> 24) + ((y) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit saturating subtract.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four 8-bit integer subtractions,
+           saturating the results to the 8-bit signed integer range -2^7 <= x <= 2^7 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the subtraction of the first byte of each operand in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the second byte of each operand in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the third byte of each operand in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the fourth byte of each operand in the fourth byte of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 8-bit signed integer range -2^7 <= x <= 2^7 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = val1[7:0]   - val2[7:0]        \n
+                 res[15:8]  = val1[15:8]  - val2[15:8]       \n
+                 res[23:16] = val1[23:16] - val2[23:16]      \n
+                 res[31:24] = val1[31:24] - val2[31:24]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __QSUB8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x << 24) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y << 24) >> 24)), 8) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    s = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 24)), 8) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    t = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x <<  8) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y <<  8) >> 24)), 8) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    u = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y) >> 24)), 8) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit unsigned saturating subtraction.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four unsigned 8-bit integer subtractions,
+           saturating the results to the 8-bit unsigned integer range 0 < x < 2^8 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the subtraction of the first byte of each operand in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the second byte of each operand in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the third byte of each operand in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the fourth byte of each operand in the fourth byte of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 8-bit unsigned integer range 0 <= x <= 2^8 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = val1[7:0]   - val2[7:0]        \n
+                 res[15:8]  = val1[15:8]  - val2[15:8]       \n
+                 res[23:16] = val1[23:16] - val2[23:16]      \n
+                 res[31:24] = val1[31:24] - val2[31:24]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UQSUB8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = __IUSAT((((x << 24) >> 24) - ((y << 24) >> 24)), 8) & 0x000000FF;
+    s = __IUSAT((((x << 16) >> 24) - ((y << 16) >> 24)), 8) & 0x000000FF;
+    t = __IUSAT((((x <<  8) >> 24) - ((y <<  8) >> 24)), 8) & 0x000000FF;
+    u = __IUSAT((((x) >> 24) - ((y) >> 24)), 8) & 0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit signed subtraction.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four 8-bit signed integer subtractions.
+  \param [in]    x  first four 8-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \param [in]    y  second four 8-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \return        the subtraction of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the second bytes of each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the third bytes of each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the fourth bytes of each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = val1[7:0]   - val2[7:0]        \n
+                 res[15:8]  = val1[15:8]  - val2[15:8]       \n
+                 res[23:16] = val1[23:16] - val2[23:16]      \n
+                 res[31:24] = val1[31:24] - val2[31:24]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SSUB8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = ((((int32_t)x << 24) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y << 24) >> 24)) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    s = ((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 24)) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    t = ((((int32_t)x <<  8) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y <<  8) >> 24)) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    u = ((((int32_t)x) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y) >> 24)) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit unsigned subtract.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four 8-bit unsigned integer subtractions.
+  \param [in]    x  first four 8-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \param [in]    y  second four 8-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \return        the subtraction of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the second bytes of each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the third bytes of each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the fourth bytes of each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = val1[7:0]   - val2[7:0]        \n
+                 res[15:8]  = val1[15:8]  - val2[15:8]       \n
+                 res[23:16] = val1[23:16] - val2[23:16]      \n
+                 res[31:24] = val1[31:24] - val2[31:24]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __USUB8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = (((x << 24) >> 24) - ((y << 24) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    s = (((x << 16) >> 24) - ((y << 16) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    t = (((x <<  8) >> 24) - ((y <<  8) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    u = (((x) >> 24) - ((y) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Unsigned sum of quad 8-bit unsigned absolute difference.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four unsigned 8-bit subtractions, and add the absolute values
+           of the differences together, returning the result as a single unsigned integer.
+  \param [in]    x  first four 8-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \param [in]    y  second four 8-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \return        the subtraction of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the second bytes of each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the third bytes of each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the fourth bytes of each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.\n
+                 The sum is returned as a single unsigned integer.
+  \remark
+                 absdiff1   = val1[7:0]   - val2[7:0]        \n
+                 absdiff2   = val1[15:8]  - val2[15:8]       \n
+                 absdiff3   = val1[23:16] - val2[23:16]      \n
+                 absdiff4   = val1[31:24] - val2[31:24]      \n
+                 res[31:0]  = absdiff1 + absdiff2 + absdiff3 + absdiff4
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __USAD8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = (((x << 24) >> 24) - ((y << 24) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    s = (((x << 16) >> 24) - ((y << 16) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    t = (((x <<  8) >> 24) - ((y <<  8) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+    u = (((x) >> 24) - ((y) >> 24)) & 0x000000FF;
+
+    return (u + t + s + r);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Unsigned sum of quad 8-bit unsigned absolute difference with 32-bit accumulate.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four unsigned 8-bit subtractions, and add the absolute values
+           of the differences to a 32-bit accumulate operand.
+  \param [in]    x  first four 8-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \param [in]    y  second four 8-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \param [in]  sum  accumulation value.
+  \return        the sum of the absolute differences of the following bytes, added to the accumulation value:
+                 the subtraction of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the second bytes of each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the third bytes of each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the fourth bytes of each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 absdiff1 = val1[7:0]   - val2[7:0]        \n
+                 absdiff2 = val1[15:8]  - val2[15:8]       \n
+                 absdiff3 = val1[23:16] - val2[23:16]      \n
+                 absdiff4 = val1[31:24] - val2[31:24]      \n
+                 sum = absdiff1 + absdiff2 + absdiff3 + absdiff4 \n
+                 res[31:0] = sum[31:0] + val3[31:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __USADA8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t sum)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = (abs(((x << 24) >> 24) - ((y << 24) >> 24))) & 0x000000FF;
+    s = (abs(((x << 16) >> 24) - ((y << 16) >> 24))) & 0x000000FF;
+    t = (abs(((x <<  8) >> 24) - ((y <<  8) >> 24))) & 0x000000FF;
+    u = (abs(((x) >> 24) - ((y) >> 24))) & 0x000000FF;
+
+    return (u + t + s + r + sum);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit saturating addition.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit integer arithmetic additions in parallel,
+           saturating the results to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands.
+  \return        the saturated addition of the low halfwords, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the high halfwords, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  + val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + val2[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __QADD16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r = 0, s = 0;
+
+    r = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)), 16) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y) >> 16)), 16) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned saturating addition.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two unsigned 16-bit integer additions, saturating
+           the results to the 16-bit unsigned integer range 0 < x < 2^16 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands.
+  \return        the saturated addition of the low halfwords, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the high halfwords, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+                 The results are saturated to the 16-bit unsigned integer range 0 < x < 2^16 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  + val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + val2[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UQADD16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r = 0, s = 0;
+
+    r = __IUSAT((((x << 16) >> 16) + ((y << 16) >> 16)), 16) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __IUSAT((((x) >> 16) + ((y) >> 16)), 16) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed addition.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit signed integer additions.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands.
+  \return        the addition of the low halfwords in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the high halfwords in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  + val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + val2[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SADD16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r = 0, s = 0;
+
+    r = ((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned addition
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit unsigned integer additions.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands for each addition.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands for each addition.
+  \return        the addition of the low halfwords in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the high halfwords in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  + val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + val2[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UADD16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r = 0, s = 0;
+
+    r = (((x << 16) >> 16) + ((y << 16) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = (((x) >> 16) + ((y) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed addition with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two signed 16-bit integer additions, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands.
+  \return        the halved addition of the low halfwords, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the high halfwords, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = (val1[15:0]  + val2[15:0]) >> 1        \n
+                 res[31:16] = (val1[31:16] + val2[31:16]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SHADD16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = (((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = (((((int32_t)x) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned addition with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two unsigned 16-bit integer additions, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands.
+  \return        the halved addition of the low halfwords, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the high halfwords, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = (val1[15:0]  + val2[15:0]) >> 1        \n
+                 res[31:16] = (val1[31:16] + val2[31:16]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UHADD16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = ((((x << 16) >> 16) + ((y << 16) >> 16)) >> 1) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = ((((x) >> 16) + ((y) >> 16)) >> 1) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit signed addition with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four signed 8-bit integer additions, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the halved addition of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the second bytes from each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the third bytes from each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the fourth bytes from each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = (val1[7:0]   + val2[7:0]  ) >> 1    \n
+                 res[15:8]  = (val1[15:8]  + val2[15:8] ) >> 1    \n
+                 res[23:16] = (val1[23:16] + val2[23:16]) >> 1    \n
+                 res[31:24] = (val1[31:24] + val2[31:24]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SHADD8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = (((((int32_t)x << 24) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y << 24) >> 24)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    s = (((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 24)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    t = (((((int32_t)x <<  8) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y <<  8) >> 24)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    u = (((((int32_t)x) >> 24) + (((int32_t)y) >> 24)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit unsigned addition with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four unsigned 8-bit integer additions, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the halved addition of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the second bytes from each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the third bytes from each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the fourth bytes from each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = (val1[7:0]   + val2[7:0]  ) >> 1    \n
+                 res[15:8]  = (val1[15:8]  + val2[15:8] ) >> 1    \n
+                 res[23:16] = (val1[23:16] + val2[23:16]) >> 1    \n
+                 res[31:24] = (val1[31:24] + val2[31:24]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UHADD8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = ((((x << 24) >> 24) + ((y << 24) >> 24)) >> 1) & 0x000000FF;
+    s = ((((x << 16) >> 24) + ((y << 16) >> 24)) >> 1) & 0x000000FF;
+    t = ((((x <<  8) >> 24) + ((y <<  8) >> 24)) >> 1) & 0x000000FF;
+    u = ((((x) >> 24) + ((y) >> 24)) >> 1) & 0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit saturating subtract.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit integer subtractions in parallel,
+           saturating the results to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands.
+  \return        the saturated subtraction of the low halfwords, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated subtraction of the high halfwords, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  - val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] - val2[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __QSUB16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)), 16) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y) >> 16)), 16) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned saturating subtraction.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two unsigned 16-bit integer subtractions,
+           saturating the results to the 16-bit unsigned integer range 0 < x < 2^16 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit operands for each subtraction.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit operands for each subtraction.
+  \return        the saturated subtraction of the low halfwords, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated subtraction of the high halfwords, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  - val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] - val2[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UQSUB16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = __IUSAT((((x << 16) >> 16) - ((y << 16) >> 16)), 16) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __IUSAT((((x) >> 16) - ((y) >> 16)), 16) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed subtraction.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit signed integer subtractions.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \return        the subtraction of the low halfword in the second operand from the low
+                 halfword in the first operand, in the low halfword of the return value. \n
+                 the subtraction of the high halfword in the second operand from the high
+                 halfword in the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  - val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] - val2[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SSUB16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = ((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned subtract.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit unsigned integer subtractions.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit operands of each subtraction.
+  \return        the subtraction of the low halfword in the second operand from the low
+                 halfword in the first operand, in the low halfword of the return value. \n
+                 the subtraction of the high halfword in the second operand from the high
+                 halfword in the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  - val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] - val2[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __USUB16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = (((x << 16) >> 16) - ((y << 16) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = (((x) >> 16) - ((y) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed subtraction with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two signed 16-bit integer subtractions, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands.
+  \return        the halved subtraction of the low halfwords, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the high halfwords, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = (val1[15:0]  - val2[15:0]) >> 1        \n
+                 res[31:16] = (val1[31:16] - val2[31:16]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SHSUB16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = (((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = (((((int32_t)x) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned subtraction with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two unsigned 16-bit integer subtractions, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first two 16-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second two 16-bit summands.
+  \return        the halved subtraction of the low halfwords, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the high halfwords, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = (val1[15:0]  - val2[15:0]) >> 1        \n
+                 res[31:16] = (val1[31:16] - val2[31:16]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UHSUB16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = ((((x << 16) >> 16) - ((y << 16) >> 16)) >> 1) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = ((((x) >> 16) - ((y) >> 16)) >> 1) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit signed addition with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four signed 8-bit integer subtractions, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the halved subtraction of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the second bytes from each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the third bytes from each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the fourth bytes from each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = (val1[7:0]   - val2[7:0]  ) >> 1    \n
+                 res[15:8]  = (val1[15:8]  - val2[15:8] ) >> 1    \n
+                 res[23:16] = (val1[23:16] - val2[23:16]) >> 1    \n
+                 res[31:24] = (val1[31:24] - val2[31:24]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SHSUB8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = (((((int32_t)x << 24) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y << 24) >> 24)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    s = (((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 24)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    t = (((((int32_t)x <<  8) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y <<  8) >> 24)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+    u = (((((int32_t)x) >> 24) - (((int32_t)y) >> 24)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Quad 8-bit unsigned subtraction with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to perform four unsigned 8-bit integer subtractions, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first four 8-bit summands.
+  \param [in]    y   second four 8-bit summands.
+  \return        the halved subtraction of the first bytes from each operand, in the first byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the second bytes from each operand, in the second byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the third bytes from each operand, in the third byte of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the fourth bytes from each operand, in the fourth byte of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[7:0]   = (val1[7:0]   - val2[7:0]  ) >> 1    \n
+                 res[15:8]  = (val1[15:8]  - val2[15:8] ) >> 1    \n
+                 res[23:16] = (val1[23:16] - val2[23:16]) >> 1    \n
+                 res[31:24] = (val1[31:24] - val2[31:24]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UHSUB8(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s, t, u;
+
+    r = ((((x << 24) >> 24) - ((y << 24) >> 24)) >> 1) & 0x000000FF;
+    s = ((((x << 16) >> 24) - ((y << 16) >> 24)) >> 1) & 0x000000FF;
+    t = ((((x <<  8) >> 24) - ((y <<  8) >> 24)) >> 1) & 0x000000FF;
+    u = ((((x) >> 24) - ((y) >> 24)) >> 1) & 0x000000FF;
+
+    return ((u << 24) | (t << 16) | (s <<  8) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit add and subtract with exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of the one operand,
+           then add the high halfwords and subtract the low halfwords,
+           saturating the results to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the subtraction in the low halfword,
+                     and the first operand for the addition in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the subtraction in the high halfword,
+                     and the second operand for the addition in the low halfword.
+  \return        the saturated subtraction of the high halfword in the second operand from the
+                 low halfword in the first operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the high halfword in the first operand and the
+                 low halfword in the second operand, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  - val2[31:16]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + val2[15:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __QASX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y) >> 16)), 16) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)), 16) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned saturating addition and subtraction with exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of the second operand and
+           perform one unsigned 16-bit integer addition and one unsigned 16-bit subtraction,
+           saturating the results to the 16-bit unsigned integer range 0 <= x <= 2^16 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the subtraction in the low halfword,
+                     and the first operand for the addition in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the subtraction in the high halfword,
+                     and the second operand for the addition in the low halfword.
+  \return        the saturated subtraction of the high halfword in the second operand from the
+                 low halfword in the first operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated addition of the high halfword in the first operand and the
+                 low halfword in the second operand, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 16-bit unsigned integer range 0 <= x <= 2^16 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  - val2[31:16]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + val2[15:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UQASX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = __IUSAT((((x << 16) >> 16) - ((y) >> 16)), 16) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __IUSAT((((x) >> 16) + ((y << 16) >> 16)), 16) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit addition and subtraction with exchange.
+  \details It enables you to exchange the halfwords of the second operand, add the high halfwords
+           and subtract the low halfwords.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the subtraction in the low halfword,
+                     and the first operand for the addition in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the subtraction in the high halfword,
+                     and the second operand for the addition in the low halfword.
+  \return        the subtraction of the high halfword in the second operand from the
+                 low halfword in the first operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the high halfword in the first operand and the
+                 low halfword in the second operand, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  - val2[31:16]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + val2[15:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SASX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = ((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned addition and subtraction with exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the two halfwords of the second operand,
+           add the high halfwords and subtract the low halfwords.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the subtraction in the low halfword,
+                     and the first operand for the addition in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the subtraction in the high halfword,
+                     and the second operand for the addition in the low halfword.
+  \return        the subtraction of the high halfword in the second operand from the
+                 low halfword in the first operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the addition of the high halfword in the first operand and the
+                 low halfword in the second operand, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  - val2[31:16]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + val2[15:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UASX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = (((x << 16) >> 16) - ((y) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = (((x) >> 16) + ((y << 16) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed addition and subtraction with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the two halfwords of one operand, perform one
+           signed 16-bit integer addition and one signed 16-bit subtraction, and halve the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands.
+  \return        the halved subtraction of the high halfword in the second operand from the
+                 low halfword in the first operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the low halfword in the second operand from the high
+                 halfword in the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = (val1[15:0]  - val2[31:16]) >> 1        \n
+                 res[31:16] = (val1[31:16] + val2[15:0]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SHASX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = (((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = (((((int32_t)x) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned addition and subtraction with halved results and exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of the second operand,
+           add the high halfwords and subtract the low halfwords, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the subtraction in the low halfword, and
+                     the first operand for the addition in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the subtraction in the high halfword, and
+                     the second operand for the addition in the low halfword.
+  \return        the halved subtraction of the high halfword in the second operand from the
+                 low halfword in the first operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the halved addition of the low halfword in the second operand from the high
+                 halfword in the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = (val1[15:0]  - val2[31:16]) >> 1        \n
+                 res[31:16] = (val1[31:16] + val2[15:0]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UHASX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = ((((x << 16) >> 16) - ((y) >> 16)) >> 1) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = ((((x) >> 16) + ((y << 16) >> 16)) >> 1) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit subtract and add with exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of one operand,
+           then subtract the high halfwords and add the low halfwords,
+           saturating the results to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the addition in the low halfword,
+                     and the first operand for the subtraction in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the addition in the high halfword,
+                     and the second operand for the subtraction in the low halfword.
+  \return        the saturated addition of the low halfword of the first operand and the high
+                 halfword of the second operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated subtraction of the low halfword of the second operand from the
+                 high halfword of the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 16-bit signed integer range -2^15 <= x <= 2^15 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  + val2[31:16]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] - val2[15:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __QSAX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y) >> 16)), 16) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __SSAT(((((int32_t)x) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)), 16) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned saturating subtraction and addition with exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of the second operand and perform
+           one unsigned 16-bit integer subtraction and one unsigned 16-bit addition, saturating
+           the results to the 16-bit unsigned integer range 0 <= x <= 2^16 - 1.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the addition in the low halfword,
+                     and the first operand for the subtraction in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the addition in the high halfword,
+                     and the second operand for the subtraction in the low halfword.
+  \return        the saturated addition of the low halfword of the first operand and the high
+                 halfword of the second operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the saturated subtraction of the low halfword of the second operand from the
+                 high halfword of the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+                 The returned results are saturated to the 16-bit unsigned integer range 0 <= x <= 2^16 - 1.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  + val2[31:16]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] - val2[15:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UQSAX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = __IUSAT((((x << 16) >> 16) + ((y) >> 16)), 16) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = __IUSAT((((x) >> 16) - ((y << 16) >> 16)), 16) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned subtract and add with exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of the second operand,
+           subtract the high halfwords and add the low halfwords.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the addition in the low halfword,
+                     and the first operand for the subtraction in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the addition in the high halfword,
+                     and the second operand for the subtraction in the low halfword.
+  \return        the addition of the low halfword of the first operand and the high
+                 halfword of the second operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the low halfword of the second operand from the
+                 high halfword of the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  + val2[31:16]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] - val2[15:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __USAX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = (((x << 16) >> 16) + ((y) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = (((x) >> 16) - ((y << 16) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed subtraction and addition with exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the two halfwords of one operand and perform one
+           16-bit integer subtraction and one 16-bit addition.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the addition in the low halfword, and the first operand
+                     for the subtraction in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the addition in the high halfword, and the second
+                     operand for the subtraction in the low halfword.
+  \return        the addition of the low halfword of the first operand and the high
+                 halfword of the second operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the subtraction of the low halfword of the second operand from the
+                 high halfword of the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.\n
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0]  + val2[31:16]        \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] - val2[15:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SSAX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = ((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed subtraction and addition with halved results.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the two halfwords of one operand, perform one signed
+           16-bit integer subtraction and one signed 16-bit addition, and halve the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands.
+  \return        the halved addition of the low halfword in the first operand and the
+                 high halfword in the second operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the low halfword in the second operand from the
+                 high halfword in the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = (val1[15:0]  + val2[31:16]) >> 1        \n
+                 res[31:16] = (val1[31:16] - val2[15:0]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SHSAX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = (((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) + (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+    s = (((((int32_t)x) >> 16) - (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) >> 1) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((uint32_t)((s << 16) | (r)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit unsigned subtraction and addition with halved results and exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of the second operand,
+           subtract the high halfwords and add the low halfwords, halving the results.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for the addition in the low halfword, and
+                     the first operand for the subtraction in the high halfword.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for the addition in the high halfword, and
+                     the second operand for the subtraction in the low halfword.
+  \return        the halved addition of the low halfword in the first operand and the
+                 high halfword in the second operand, in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 the halved subtraction of the low halfword in the second operand from the
+                 high halfword in the first operand, in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = (val1[15:0]  + val2[31:16]) >> 1        \n
+                 res[31:16] = (val1[31:16] - val2[15:0]) >> 1
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UHSAX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t r, s;
+
+    r = ((((x << 16) >> 16) + ((y) >> 16)) >> 1) & 0x0000FFFF;
+    s = ((((x) >> 16) - ((y << 16) >> 16)) >> 1) & 0x0000FFFF;
+
+    return ((s << 16) | (r));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed multiply with exchange returning difference.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit signed multiplications, subtracting
+           one of the products from the other. The halfwords of the second operand are exchanged
+           before performing the arithmetic. This produces top * bottom and bottom * top multiplication.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \return        the difference of the products of the two 16-bit signed multiplications.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[31:16]       \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:0] = p1 - p2
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMUSDX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) -
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Sum of dual 16-bit signed multiply with exchange.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit signed multiplications with exchanged
+           halfwords of the second operand, adding the products together.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \return        the sum of the products of the two 16-bit signed multiplications with exchanged halfwords of the second operand.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[31:16]       \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[15:0]        \n
+                 res[31:0] = p1 + p2
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMUADX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) +
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16))));
+}
+
+
+/**
+  \brief   Saturating add.
+  \details This function enables you to obtain the saturating add of two integers.
+  \param [in]    x   first summand of the saturating add operation.
+  \param [in]    y   second summand of the saturating add operation.
+  \return        the saturating addition of val1 and val2.
+  \remark
+                 res[31:0] = SAT(val1 + SAT(val2))
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE int32_t __QADD(int32_t x, int32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+
+    if (y >= 0)
+    {
+        if (x + y >= x)
+        {
+            result = x + y;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (x + y < x)
+        {
+            result = x + y;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            result = 0x80000000;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Saturating subtract.
+  \details This function enables you to obtain the saturating add of two integers.
+  \param [in]    x   first summand of the saturating add operation.
+  \param [in]    y   second summand of the saturating add operation.
+  \return        the saturating addition of val1 and val2.
+  \remark
+                 res[31:0] = SAT(val1 + SAT(val2))
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE int32_t __QSUB(int32_t x, int32_t y)
+{
+    int64_t tmp;
+    int32_t result;
+
+    tmp = (int64_t)x - (int64_t)y;
+
+    if (tmp > 0x7fffffff)
+    {
+        tmp = 0x7fffffff;
+    }
+    else if (tmp < (-2147483647 - 1))
+    {
+        tmp = -2147483647 - 1;
+    }
+
+    result = tmp;
+    return result;
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed multiply with single 32-bit accumulator.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two signed 16-bit multiplications,
+           adding both results to a 32-bit accumulate operand.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the product of each multiplication added to the accumulate value, as a 32-bit integer.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[15:0]      \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[31:16]     \n
+                 res[31:0] = p1 + p2 + val3[31:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMLAD(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t sum)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) +
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) +
+                       (((int32_t)sum))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Pre-exchanged dual 16-bit signed multiply with single 32-bit accumulator.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two signed 16-bit multiplications with exchanged
+           halfwords of the second operand, adding both results to a 32-bit accumulate operand.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the product of each multiplication with exchanged halfwords of the second
+                 operand added to the accumulate value, as a 32-bit integer.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[31:16]     \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[15:0]      \n
+                 res[31:0] = p1 + p2 + val3[31:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMLADX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t sum)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) +
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) +
+                       (((int32_t)sum))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed multiply with exchange subtract with 32-bit accumulate.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit signed multiplications, take the
+           difference of the products, subtracting the high halfword product from the low
+           halfword product, and add the difference to a 32-bit accumulate operand.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the difference of the product of each multiplication, added to the accumulate value.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[15:0]       \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[31:16]      \n
+                 res[31:0] = p1 - p2 + val3[31:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMLSD(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t sum)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) -
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) +
+                       (((int32_t)sum))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed multiply with exchange subtract with 32-bit accumulate.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords in the second operand, then perform two 16-bit
+           signed multiplications. The difference of the products is added to a 32-bit accumulate operand.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the difference of the product of each multiplication, added to the accumulate value.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[31:16]     \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[15:0]      \n
+                 res[31:0] = p1 - p2 + val3[31:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMLSDX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t sum)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) -
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) +
+                       (((int32_t)sum))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed multiply with single 64-bit accumulator.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two signed 16-bit multiplications, adding both results
+           to a 64-bit accumulate operand. Overflow is only possible as a result of the 64-bit addition.
+           This overflow is not detected if it occurs. Instead, the result wraps around modulo2^64.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the product of each multiplication added to the accumulate value.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[15:0]      \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[31:16]     \n
+                 sum = p1 + p2 + val3[63:32][31:0]  \n
+                 res[63:32] = sum[63:32]            \n
+                 res[31:0]  = sum[31:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint64_t __SMLALD(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint64_t sum)
+{
+    return ((uint64_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) +
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) +
+                       (((uint64_t)sum))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed multiply with exchange with single 64-bit accumulator.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of the second operand, and perform two
+           signed 16-bit multiplications, adding both results to a 64-bit accumulate operand. Overflow
+           is only possible as a result of the 64-bit addition. This overflow is not detected if it occurs.
+           Instead, the result wraps around modulo2^64.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the product of each multiplication added to the accumulate value.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[31:16]     \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[15:0]      \n
+                 sum = p1 + p2 + val3[63:32][31:0]  \n
+                 res[63:32] = sum[63:32]            \n
+                 res[31:0]  = sum[31:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint64_t __SMLALDX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint64_t sum)
+{
+    return ((uint64_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) +
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) +
+                       (((uint64_t)sum))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   dual 16-bit signed multiply subtract with 64-bit accumulate.
+  \details This function It enables you to perform two 16-bit signed multiplications, take the difference
+           of the products, subtracting the high halfword product from the low halfword product, and add the
+           difference to a 64-bit accumulate operand. Overflow cannot occur during the multiplications or the
+           subtraction. Overflow can occur as a result of the 64-bit addition, and this overflow is not
+           detected. Instead, the result wraps round to modulo2^64.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the difference of the product of each multiplication, added to the accumulate value.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[15:0]      \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[31:16]     \n
+                 res[63:0] = p1 - p2 + val3[63:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint64_t __SMLSLD(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint64_t sum)
+{
+    return ((uint64_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) -
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) +
+                       (((uint64_t)sum))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed multiply with exchange subtract with 64-bit accumulate.
+  \details This function enables you to exchange the halfwords of the second operand, perform two 16-bit multiplications,
+           adding the difference of the products to a 64-bit accumulate operand. Overflow cannot occur during the
+           multiplications or the subtraction. Overflow can occur as a result of the 64-bit addition, and this overflow
+           is not detected. Instead, the result wraps round to modulo2^64.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the difference of the product of each multiplication, added to the accumulate value.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[31:16]      \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[15:0]       \n
+                 res[63:0] = p1 - p2 + val3[63:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint64_t __SMLSLDX(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint64_t sum)
+{
+    return ((uint64_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16)) -
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) +
+                       (((uint64_t)sum))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   32-bit signed multiply with 32-bit truncated accumulator.
+  \details This function enables you to perform a signed 32-bit multiplications, adding the most
+           significant 32 bits of the 64-bit result to a 32-bit accumulate operand.
+  \param [in]    x   first operand for multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second operand for multiplication.
+  \param [in]  sum   accumulate value.
+  \return        the product of multiplication (most significant 32 bits) is added to the accumulate value, as a 32-bit integer.
+  \remark
+                 p = val1 * val2      \n
+                 res[31:0] = p[61:32] + val3[31:0]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMMLA(int32_t x, int32_t y, int32_t sum)
+{
+    return (uint32_t)((int32_t)((int64_t)((int64_t)x * (int64_t)y) >> 32) + sum);
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Sum of dual 16-bit signed multiply.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit signed multiplications, adding the products together.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \return        the sum of the products of the two 16-bit signed multiplications.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[15:0]      \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[31:16]     \n
+                 res[31:0] = p1 + p2
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMUAD(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) +
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual 16-bit signed multiply returning difference.
+  \details This function enables you to perform two 16-bit signed multiplications, taking the difference
+           of the products by subtracting the high halfword product from the low halfword product.
+  \param [in]    x   first 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \param [in]    y   second 16-bit operands for each multiplication.
+  \return        the difference of the products of the two 16-bit signed multiplications.
+  \remark
+                 p1 = val1[15:0]  * val2[15:0]      \n
+                 p2 = val1[31:16] * val2[31:16]     \n
+                 res[31:0] = p1 - p2
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SMUSD(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y << 16) >> 16)) -
+                       ((((int32_t)x) >> 16) * (((int32_t)y) >> 16))));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual extracted 8-bit to 16-bit signed addition.
+  \details This function enables you to extract two 8-bit values from the second operand (at bit positions
+           [7:0] and [23:16]), sign-extend them to 16-bits each, and add the results to the first operand.
+  \param [in]    x   values added to the sign-extended to 16-bit values.
+  \param [in]    y   two 8-bit values to be extracted and sign-extended.
+  \return        the addition of val1 and val2, where the 8-bit values in val2[7:0] and
+                 val2[23:16] have been extracted and sign-extended prior to the addition.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = val1[15:0] + SignExtended(val2[7:0])      \n
+                 res[31:16] = val1[31:16] + SignExtended(val2[23:16])
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SXTAB16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)((((((int32_t)y << 24) >> 24) + (((int32_t)x << 16) >> 16)) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF) |
+                       (((((int32_t)y <<  8) >>  8)  + (((int32_t)x >> 16) << 16)) & (int32_t)0xFFFF0000)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Extracted 16-bit to 32-bit unsigned addition.
+  \details This function enables you to extract two 8-bit values from one operand, zero-extend
+           them to 16 bits each, and add the results to two 16-bit values from another operand.
+  \param [in]    x   values added to the zero-extended to 16-bit values.
+  \param [in]    y   two 8-bit values to be extracted and zero-extended.
+  \return        the addition of val1 and val2, where the 8-bit values in val2[7:0] and
+                 val2[23:16] have been extracted and zero-extended prior to the addition.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = ZeroExt(val2[7:0]   to 16 bits) + val1[15:0]      \n
+                 res[31:16] = ZeroExt(val2[31:16] to 16 bits) + val1[31:16]
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UXTAB16(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((y << 24) >> 24) + ((x << 16) >> 16)) & 0x0000FFFF) |
+                       ((((y <<  8) >>  8) + ((x >> 16) << 16)) & 0xFFFF0000)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual extract 8-bits and sign extend each to 16-bits.
+  \details This function enables you to extract two 8-bit values from an operand and sign-extend them to 16 bits each.
+  \param [in]    x   two 8-bit values in val[7:0] and val[23:16] to be sign-extended.
+  \return        the 8-bit values sign-extended to 16-bit values.\n
+                 sign-extended value of val[7:0] in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 sign-extended value of val[23:16] in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = SignExtended(val[7:0])       \n
+                 res[31:16] = SignExtended(val[23:16])
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __SXTB16(uint32_t x)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)(((((int32_t)x << 24) >> 24) & (int32_t)0x0000FFFF) |
+                       ((((int32_t)x <<  8) >>  8) & (int32_t)0xFFFF0000)));
+}
+
+/**
+  \brief   Dual extract 8-bits and zero-extend to 16-bits.
+  \details This function enables you to extract two 8-bit values from an operand and zero-extend them to 16 bits each.
+  \param [in]    x   two 8-bit values in val[7:0] and val[23:16] to be zero-extended.
+  \return        the 8-bit values sign-extended to 16-bit values.\n
+                 sign-extended value of val[7:0] in the low halfword of the return value.\n
+                 sign-extended value of val[23:16] in the high halfword of the return value.
+  \remark
+                 res[15:0]  = SignExtended(val[7:0])       \n
+                 res[31:16] = SignExtended(val[23:16])
+ */
+__ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t __UXTB16(uint32_t x)
+{
+    return ((uint32_t)((((x << 24) >> 24) & 0x0000FFFF) |
+                       (((x <<  8) >>  8) & 0xFFFF0000)));
+}
+
+#endif /* _CSI_SIMD_H_ */