fix (host/storage): prevent stack overflow from infinite partition recursion

- Add a partition entry counter (ux_host_class_storage_mounted_partitions_count)
   and a configurable maximum (UX_HOST_CLASS_STORAGE_MAX_PARTITIONS_COUNT) to limit
   the number of partition entries processed during mounting.

- Counter is incremented for every partition entry, and checked both before and during the partition parsing loop.
- If the limit is exceeded, the function aborts and returns UX_HOST_CLASS_STORAGE_ERROR_MEDIA_NOT_READ.
- This prevents stack overflow and infinite recursion in case of malformed or cyclic MBR/EBR partition tables.
- Default partition entry limit set to 8 by default for safety and compatibility with typical devices.

Fixes CVE-2025-55095

Signed-off-by: Haithem Rahmani <[email protected]>

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