path: root/filesys/miniFilter/avscan/user/userscan.c

/*++

Copyright (c) 2011  Microsoft Corporation

Module Name:

    userscan.c

Abstract:

    The implementation of user space scanning module. You have to install filter driver first, and 
    have filter manager load the minifilter. When filter driver is in its position, after calling 
    UserScanInit(...) all the subsequent CreateFile or CloseHandle would trigger the data scan if 
    the file is dirty.
    
    Before the user space scanner exit, it must call UserScanFinalize(...) to cleanup the data structure
    and close the listening threads.

Environment:

    User mode

--*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "userscan.h"
#include "utility.h"

#define  USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT   6      // the number of scanning worker threads.

typedef struct _SCANNER_MESSAGE {

    //
    //  Required structure header.
    //

    FILTER_MESSAGE_HEADER MessageHeader;

    //
    //  Private scanner-specific fields begin here.
    //

    AV_SCANNER_NOTIFICATION Notification;
    
    //
    //  Overlapped structure: this is not really part of the message
    //  However we embed it here so that when we get pOvlp in 
    //  GetQueuedCompletionStatus(...), we can restore the message 
    //  via CONTAINING_RECORD macro.
    //
    
    OVERLAPPED Ovlp;

} SCANNER_MESSAGE, *PSCANNER_MESSAGE;

#define SCANNER_MESSAGE_SIZE   (sizeof(FILTER_MESSAGE_HEADER) + sizeof(AV_SCANNER_NOTIFICATION))

typedef struct _SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE {

    //
    //  Required structure header.
    //

    FILTER_REPLY_HEADER ReplyHeader;

    //
    //  Private scanner-specific fields begin here.
    //
    
    ULONG   ThreadId;

} SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE, *PSCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE;

#define SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE_SIZE   (sizeof(FILTER_REPLY_HEADER) + sizeof(ULONG))

//
//  Local routines
//

AVSCAN_RESULT
UserScanMemoryStream(
    _In_reads_bytes_(Size)    PUCHAR   StartingAddress,
    _In_                      SIZE_T   Size,
    _Inout_                   PBOOLEAN pAbort
    );
    
HRESULT 
UserScanHandleStartScanMsg(
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context,
    _In_  PSCANNER_MESSAGE Message,
    _In_  PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT ThreadCtx
    );
    
HRESULT
UserScanWorker (
    _Inout_ PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    );
    
HRESULT
UserScanListenAbortProc (
    _Inout_ PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    );
    
DWORD
WaitForAll (
    _In_  PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT  ScanThreadCtxes
    );

HRESULT
UserScanGetThreadContextById (
    _In_  DWORD   ThreadId,
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context,
    _Out_ PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT  *ScanThreadCtx
    );

VOID
UserScanSynchronizedCancel (
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    );
    
HRESULT
UserScanClosePorts (
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    );

HRESULT
UserScanCleanup (
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    );
        
//
//  Implementation of exported routines.
//  Declared in userscan.h
//
    
HRESULT
UserScanInit (
    _Inout_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine initializes all the necessary data structures and forks listening threads.
    The caller thread is responsible for calling UserScanFinalize(...) to cleanup the 
    data structures and close the listening threads.

Arguments:

    Context    - User scan context, please see userscan.h

Return Value:

    S_OK if successful. Otherwise, it returns a HRESULT error value.

--*/
{
    HRESULT  hr = S_OK;
    ULONG    i = 0;
    HANDLE   hEvent = NULL;
    PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT  scanThreadCtxes = NULL;
    HANDLE   hListenAbort = NULL;
    AV_CONNECTION_CONTEXT connectionCtx = {0};
    
    if (NULL == Context) {
    
        return MAKE_HRESULT(SEVERITY_ERROR, 0, E_POINTER);
    }
    
    //
    //  Create the abort listening thead.
    //  This thread is particularly listening the abortion event.
    //
    
    hListenAbort = CreateThread( NULL,
                                 0,
                                 (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)UserScanListenAbortProc,
                                 Context,
                                 CREATE_SUSPENDED,
                                 NULL );
    
    if (NULL == hListenAbort) {
    
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
        goto Cleanup;
    }
    
    //
    //  Initialize scan thread contexts.
    //
    
    scanThreadCtxes = HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, sizeof(SCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT) * USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT);
    if (NULL == scanThreadCtxes) {
    
        hr = MAKE_HRESULT(SEVERITY_ERROR, 0, E_OUTOFMEMORY);
        goto Cleanup;
    }
    
    ZeroMemory(scanThreadCtxes, sizeof(SCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT) * USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT);
    
    //
    //  Create scan listening threads.
    //
    
    for (i = 0;
         i < USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT;
         i ++ ) {
         
        scanThreadCtxes[i].Handle = CreateThread( NULL,
                                                  0,
                                                  (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)UserScanWorker,
                                                  Context,
                                                  CREATE_SUSPENDED,
                                                  &scanThreadCtxes[i].ThreadId );
        
        if (NULL == scanThreadCtxes[i].Handle) {
            hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
            goto Cleanup;
        }
        InitializeCriticalSection(&(scanThreadCtxes[i].Lock));
    }
    
    //
    //  Prepare the scan communication port.
    //
    
    connectionCtx.Type = AvConnectForScan;
    hr = FilterConnectCommunicationPort( AV_SCAN_PORT_NAME,
                                         0,
                                         &connectionCtx,
                                         sizeof(AV_CONNECTION_CONTEXT),
                                         NULL,
                                         &Context->ConnectionPort );
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
    
        Context->ConnectionPort = NULL;
        goto Cleanup;
    }
    
    //
    //  Create the IO completion port for asynchronous message passing. 
    //
    
    Context->Completion = CreateIoCompletionPort( Context->ConnectionPort,
                                                  NULL,
                                                  0,
                                                  USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT );
    
    if ( NULL == Context->Completion ) {
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
        goto Cleanup;
    }
    
    Context->ScanThreadCtxes = scanThreadCtxes;
    Context->AbortThreadHandle = hListenAbort;
    
    //
    //  Resume all the scanning threads.
    //
    
    for (i = 0;
         i < USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT;
         i ++ ) {
         if ( ResumeThread( scanThreadCtxes[i].Handle ) == -1) {
         
            fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit]: ResumeThread scan listening thread failed.\n");
            hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
            goto Cleanup;
         }
    }
    
    //
    //  Resume abort listening thread.
    //
    
    if ( ResumeThread( hListenAbort ) == -1 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit]: ResumeThread abort listening thread failed.\n");
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
        goto Cleanup;
    }
    
    //
    //  Pump messages into queue of completion port.
    //
    
    for (i = 0;
         i < USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT;
         i ++ ) {

        PSCANNER_MESSAGE msg = HeapAlloc( GetProcessHeap(), 0, sizeof( SCANNER_MESSAGE ) );
        
        if (NULL == msg) {
        
            hr = MAKE_HRESULT(SEVERITY_ERROR, 0, E_OUTOFMEMORY);
            goto Cleanup;
        }
        
        FillMemory( &msg->Ovlp, sizeof(OVERLAPPED), 0);
        hr = FilterGetMessage( Context->ConnectionPort,
                               &msg->MessageHeader,
                               FIELD_OFFSET( SCANNER_MESSAGE, Ovlp ),
                               &msg->Ovlp );

        if (hr == HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_IO_PENDING )) {
        
            hr = S_OK;
            
        } else {
        
            fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit]: FilterGetMessage failed.\n");
            DisplayError(hr);
            HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, msg );
            goto Cleanup;
        }
    }
    
    return hr;
    
Cleanup:

    if (Context->Completion && !CloseHandle(Context->Completion)) {
    
        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit] Error! Close completion port failed.\n");
        DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
    }
    if (Context->ConnectionPort && !CloseHandle(Context->ConnectionPort)) {
    
        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit] Error! Close connection port failed.\n");
        DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
    }
    if (scanThreadCtxes) {
    
        for (i = 0;
         i < USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT;
         i ++ ) {

            if (scanThreadCtxes[i].Handle && !CloseHandle(scanThreadCtxes[i].Handle)) {

                fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit] Error! Close scan thread failed.\n");
                DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
            }
            DeleteCriticalSection(&(scanThreadCtxes[i].Lock));
        }
        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, scanThreadCtxes);
    }
    if (hListenAbort && !CloseHandle(hListenAbort)) {
    
        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit] Error! Close listen abort thread failed.\n");
        DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
    }
    if (hEvent && !CloseHandle(hEvent)) {
    
        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit] Error! Close event handle failed.\n");
        DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
    }
    
    return hr;
}

HRESULT
UserScanFinalize (
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine cleans up all the necessary data structures and closes listening threads.
    It does the following things:
      1) Cancel all the scanning threads and wait for them to terminate.
      2) Close all the thread handles
      3) Close all the port handles
      4) Free memory of scan thread contexts.

Arguments:

    Context    - User scan context, please see userscan.h

Return Value:

    S_OK if successful. Otherwise, it returns a HRESULT error value.

--*/
{
    HRESULT  hr = S_OK;  
    printf("=================finalize\n");
    
    UserScanSynchronizedCancel( Context );
    
    printf("[UserScanFinalize]: Closing connection port\n");
    
    hr = UserScanCleanup( Context );
    
    return hr;
}


//
//  Implementation of local routines
//

DWORD
WaitForAll (
    _In_  PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT  ScanThreadCtxes
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    A local helper function that enable the caller to wair for all the scan threads.

Arguments:

    ScanThreadCtxes    - Scan thread contextes.

Return Value:
    
    Please consult WaitForMultipleObjects(...)
    
--*/
{
    ULONG i = 0;
    HANDLE hScanThreads[USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT] = {0};
    for (i = 0;
      i < USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT;
      i ++ ) {
      hScanThreads[i] = ScanThreadCtxes[i].Handle;
    }
    return WaitForMultipleObjects(USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT, hScanThreads, TRUE, INFINITE);
}

HRESULT
UserScanGetThreadContextById (
    _In_  DWORD   ThreadId,
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context,
    _Out_ PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT  *ScanThreadCtx
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine search for the scan thread context by its thread id.

Arguments:

    ThreadId  - The thread id to be searched.
    
    Context   - The user scan context.
    
    ScanThreadCtx  -  Output scan thread context.

Return Value:
    
    S_OK if found, otherwise not found.
    
--*/
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    ULONG i;
    PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT scanThreadCtx = Context->ScanThreadCtxes;
    
    *ScanThreadCtx = NULL;
    
    for (i = 0;
         i < USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT;
         i ++ ) {
        
        if ( ThreadId == scanThreadCtx[i].ThreadId ) {
            *ScanThreadCtx = (scanThreadCtx + i);
            return hr;
        }
    }
    return MAKE_HRESULT(SEVERITY_ERROR,0,E_FAIL);
}

VOID
UserScanSynchronizedCancel (
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine tries to abort all the scanning threads and wait for them to terminate.

Arguments:

    Context    - User scan context, please see userscan.h

Return Value:

    Please consult WaitForMultipleObjects(...)

--*/
{
    ULONG i;
    PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT  scanThreadCtxes = Context->ScanThreadCtxes;
    
    if (NULL == scanThreadCtxes) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Scan thread contexes are NOT suppoed to be NULL.\n");
        return;
    }
    
    //
    //  Tell all scanning threads that the program is going to exit.
    //
    
    Context->Finalized = TRUE;
    
    //
    //  Signal cancellation events for all scanning threads.
    //
    
    for (i = 0;
         i < USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT;
         i ++ ) {
         
        scanThreadCtxes[i].Aborted = TRUE;
    }
    
    //
    //  Wake up the listening thread if it is waiting for message 
    //  via GetQueuedCompletionStatus() 
    //
    
    CancelIoEx(Context->ConnectionPort, NULL);
    
    //
    //  Wait for all scan threads to complete cancellation, 
    //  so we will be able to close the connection port and etc.
    //
    
    WaitForAll(scanThreadCtxes);

    return;
}

HRESULT
UserScanClosePorts (
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine cleans up all the necessary data structures and closes listening threads.
    It does closing the scanning communication port and completion port.

Arguments:

    Context    - User scan context, please see userscan.h

Return Value:

    S_OK if successful. Otherwise, it returns a HRESULT error value.

--*/
{
    HRESULT  hr = S_OK;
    if (!CloseHandle(Context->ConnectionPort)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanFinalize]: Failed to close the connection port.\n");
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
    }
    
    Context->ConnectionPort = NULL;
    
    if (!CloseHandle(Context->Completion)) {
       fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanFinalize]: Failed to close the completion port.\n");
       hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
    }
    
    Context->Completion = NULL;
    
    return hr;
}

HRESULT
UserScanCleanup (
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine cleans up all the necessary data structures and closes listening threads.
    It does closing abort thread handle and all scanning threads. It also closes the ports 
    by calling UserScanClosePorts(...).

Arguments:

    Context    - User scan context, please see userscan.h

Return Value:

    S_OK if successful. Otherwise, it returns a HRESULT error value.

--*/
{
    ULONG i = 0;
    HRESULT  hr = S_OK;
    PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT  scanThreadCtxes = Context->ScanThreadCtxes;
    
    if (NULL == scanThreadCtxes) {

        fprintf(stderr, "Scan thread contexes are NOT suppoed to be NULL.\n");
        return E_POINTER;
    }
    
    if (Context->AbortThreadHandle) {

        CloseHandle( Context->AbortThreadHandle );
    }
    
    hr = UserScanClosePorts( Context );
    
    //
    //  Clean up scan thread contexts
    //
    
    for (i = 0;
     i < USER_SCAN_THREAD_COUNT;
     i ++ ) {

        if (scanThreadCtxes[i].Handle && !CloseHandle(scanThreadCtxes[i].Handle)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanInit] Error! Close scan thread failed.\n");
            DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
        }
        DeleteCriticalSection(&(scanThreadCtxes[i].Lock));
    }
    HeapFree( GetProcessHeap(), 0, scanThreadCtxes );
    Context->ScanThreadCtxes = NULL;
    return hr;
}

AVSCAN_RESULT
UserScanMemoryStream(
    _In_reads_bytes_(Size)    PUCHAR   StartingAddress,
    _In_                      SIZE_T   Size,
    _Inout_                   PBOOLEAN pAbort
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine is a naive search for virus signiture. 
    Note that this function is by no means efficient and scalable, but 
    this is not the focus of this example. Thus, an anti-virus 
    vendor may want to focus on and expand this function.

    It will reset the abort flag if it is aborted.

Arguments:

    StartingAddress  - The starting address of the memory to be searched.
    
    Size   -  The size of the memory.
    
    pAbort  -  A pointer to a boolean that notifies the scanning should be canceled..
    
    Infected - TRUE if this file is infected. FALSE, otherwise.

Return Value:
    
    S_OK.
    
--*/
{
    ULONG i;
    UCHAR targetString[AV_DEFAULT_SEARCH_PATTERN_SIZE] = {0};
    SIZE_T searchStringLength = AV_DEFAULT_SEARCH_PATTERN_SIZE-1;
    ULONG ind;
    PUCHAR p;
    PUCHAR start = StartingAddress;
    PUCHAR end = start + Size - searchStringLength;

    //
    //  Decode the target pattern. We could decode only once and cache it.
    //
    
    CopyMemory( (PVOID) targetString, 
                AV_DEFAULT_SEARCH_PATTERN, 
                AV_DEFAULT_SEARCH_PATTERN_SIZE );
                   
    for (ind = 0;
         ind < searchStringLength;
         ind++) {
         
         targetString[ind] = ((UCHAR)targetString[ind]) ^ AV_DEFAULT_PATTERN_XOR_KEY;
    }
    targetString[searchStringLength] = '\0';
    
    //
    //  Scan the memory stream for the target pattern.
    //  If not cancelled.
    //
    
    for (p = start, i = 1;
         p <= end ;
         p++, i++) {

        //
        //  If (*pAbort == TRUE), then we abort the scanning in the loop.
        //
        
        if ( *pAbort ) {

            *pAbort = FALSE;
            return AvScanResultUndetermined;
        }
        
        if ( !memcmp( p, targetString, searchStringLength )) {

            return AvScanResultInfected;
        }
    }
    
    return AvScanResultClean;
}

HRESULT
UserScanHandleStartScanMsg(
    _In_  PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context,
    _In_  PSCANNER_MESSAGE Message,
    _In_  PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT ThreadCtx
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    After receiving the scan request from the kernel. This routine is 
    the main function that handle the scan request.

    This routine does not know which file it is scanning because it 
    does not need to know.

    Its main job includes:

    1) Send message to the filter to create a section object.
    2) Map the view of the section.
    3) Scan the memory
    4) Send message to tell the filter the result of the scan
       and close the section object.

Arguments:

    Context   - The user scan context.

    Message  -  The message recieved from the kernel.

    ThreadCtx - The scan thread context.

Return Value:

    S_OK.

--*/
{
    HRESULT  hr = S_OK;
    ULONG    bytesReturned = 0;
    HANDLE   sectionHandle = NULL;
    PVOID    scanAddress = NULL;
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION memoryInfo;
    PAV_SCANNER_NOTIFICATION notification = &Message->Notification;
    COMMAND_MESSAGE          commandMessage = {0};
    DWORD flags = 0;

    //
    //  Send the message to the filter to create a section object for data scan.
    //  If success, we would get section handle.
    //
    //  We just have to transparently pass ScanContextId to filter, which we 
    //  obtained from the filter previously.
    //

    commandMessage.Command = AvCmdCreateSectionForDataScan;
    commandMessage.ScanId = notification->ScanId;
    commandMessage.ScanThreadId = ThreadCtx->ThreadId;

    hr = FilterSendMessage( Context->ConnectionPort,
                            &commandMessage,
                            sizeof( COMMAND_MESSAGE ),
                            &sectionHandle,
                            sizeof( HANDLE ),
                            &bytesReturned );

    if (FAILED(hr)) {

        fprintf(stderr,
          "[UserScanHandleStartScanMsg]: Failed to send message SendMessageToCreateSection to the minifilter.\n");
        DisplayError(hr);
        return hr;
    }

    scanAddress = MapViewOfFile( sectionHandle,
                                 FILE_MAP_READ,
                                 0L,
                                 0L,
                                 0 );
    if (scanAddress == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanHandleStartScanMsg]: Failed to map the view.\n");
        DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
        goto Cleanup;
    }

    if( !VirtualQuery( scanAddress, &memoryInfo, sizeof(memoryInfo) )) {
        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanHandleStartScanMsg]: Failed to query the view.\n");
        DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
        goto Cleanup;
    }

    //
    //  Data scan here.
    //

    commandMessage.ScanResult = UserScanMemoryStream( (PUCHAR)scanAddress, 
                                                       memoryInfo.RegionSize,
                                                       &ThreadCtx->Aborted );

    //
    //  If scanning on file open, give the pages a transient boost
    //  since they may soon be accessed in read operations on the 
    //  file. 
    //

    if (notification->Reason == AvScanOnOpen) {
        flags = MEM_UNMAP_WITH_TRANSIENT_BOOST;
    }

Cleanup:

    if (scanAddress != NULL) {

        if (!UnmapViewOfFileEx( scanAddress, flags )) {

            fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanHandleStartScanMsg]: Failed to unmap the view.\n");
            DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
        }
    }

    //
    //  We have to close the section handle after we finish using it.
    //  It is required to close the section handle here in user mode.
    //

    if (!CloseHandle(sectionHandle)) {

        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanHandleStartScanMsg]: Failed to close the section handle.\n");
        DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
    }

    //
    //  Send the message to tell filter to close the section object.
    //  This call will set the file clean or infected depending on the scan result, and 
    //  also trigger events and release the waiting I/O request thread.
    //

    commandMessage.Command = AvCmdCloseSectionForDataScan;
    hr = FilterSendMessage( Context->ConnectionPort,
                            &commandMessage,
                            sizeof( COMMAND_MESSAGE ),
                            NULL,
                            0,
                            &bytesReturned );
    if (FAILED(hr)) {

        fprintf(stderr,
          "[UserScanHandleStartScanMsg]: Failed to close message SendMessageToCreateSection to the minifilter.\n");
        DisplayError( hr );
        return hr;
    }

    return hr;
}

HRESULT
UserScanWorker (
    _Inout_   PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine is the scanning worker thread procedure.
    The pseudo-code of this function is as follows,
    
    while(TRUE) {
        1) Get a overlap structure from the completion port.
        2) Obtain message from overlap structure.
        3) Process the message via calling UserScanHandleStartScanMsg(...)
        4) Pump overlap structure into completion port using FilterGetMessage(...)
    }
    
Arguments:

    Context - The user scan context.

Return Value:
    
    S_OK if no error occurs; Otherwise, it would return appropriate HRESULT.
    
--*/
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    
    PSCANNER_MESSAGE  message = NULL;
    SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE replyMsg;
    LPOVERLAPPED pOvlp = NULL;
    
    DWORD outSize;
    ULONG_PTR key;
    BOOL  success = FALSE;
    
    PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT threadCtx = NULL;
    
    hr = UserScanGetThreadContextById( GetCurrentThreadId(), Context, &threadCtx );
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        fprintf(stderr,
          "[UserScanWorker]: Failed to get thread context.\n");
        return hr;
    }
    
    ZeroMemory( &replyMsg, SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE_SIZE );
   
    printf("Current thread handle %p, id:%u\n", threadCtx->Handle, threadCtx->ThreadId);
    
    //
    //  This thread is waiting for scan message from the driver
    //
    
   for(;;) {

        message = NULL;
        
        //
        //  Get overlapped structure asynchronously, the overlapped structure 
        //  was previously pumped by FilterGetMessage(...)
        //
        
        success = GetQueuedCompletionStatus( Context->Completion, &outSize, &key, &pOvlp, INFINITE );
        
        if (!success) {
        
            hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError());
            
            //
            //  The completion port handle associated with it is closed 
            //  while the call is outstanding, the function returns FALSE, 
            //  *lpOverlapped will be NULL, and GetLastError will return ERROR_ABANDONED_WAIT_0
            //
            
            if (hr == E_HANDLE) {
            
                printf("Completion port becomes unavailable.\n");
                hr = S_OK;
                
            } else if (hr == HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_ABANDONED_WAIT_0)) {
            
                printf("Completion port was closed.\n");
                hr = S_OK;
            }

            break;
        }
        
        //
        //  Recover message strcuture from overlapped structure.
        //  Remember we embedded overlapped structure inside SCANNER_MESSAGE.
        //  This is because the overlapped structure obtained from GetQueuedCompletionStatus(...)
        //  is asynchronously and not guranteed in order. 
        //
        
        message = CONTAINING_RECORD( pOvlp, SCANNER_MESSAGE, Ovlp );
        
        if (AvMsgStartScanning == message->Notification.Message) {

            //
            //  Reset the abort flag since this is a new scan request and remember 
            //  the scan context ID. This ID will allow us to match a cancel request 
            //  with a given scan task.
            //

            EnterCriticalSection(&(threadCtx->Lock));
            threadCtx->Aborted = FALSE;
            threadCtx->ScanId = message->Notification.ScanId;
            LeaveCriticalSection(&(threadCtx->Lock));
        
            //
            //  Reply the scanning worker thread handle to the filter
            //  This is important because the filter will also wait for the scanning thread 
            //  in case that the scanning thread is killed before telling filter 
            //  the scan is done or aborted.
            //
            
            ZeroMemory( &replyMsg, SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE_SIZE );
            replyMsg.ReplyHeader.MessageId = message->MessageHeader.MessageId;
            replyMsg.ThreadId = threadCtx->ThreadId;
            hr = FilterReplyMessage( Context->ConnectionPort,
                                     &replyMsg.ReplyHeader,
                                     SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE_SIZE );
    
            if (FAILED(hr)) {

                fprintf(stderr,
                  "[UserScanWorker]: Failed to reply thread handle to the minifilter\n");
                DisplayError(hr);
                break;
            }
            hr = UserScanHandleStartScanMsg( Context, message, threadCtx );
                
        } else {
        
            assert( FALSE ); // This thread should not receive other kinds of message.
        }
        
        
        if (FAILED(hr)) {

            fprintf(stderr,
              "[UserScanWorker]: Failed to handle the message.\n");
        }
        
        //
        //  If fianlized flag is set from main thread, 
        //  then it would break the while loop.
        //

        if (Context->Finalized) {
        
            break;
        }
        
        //
        //  After we process the message, pump a overlapped structure into completion port again.
        //
        
        hr = FilterGetMessage( Context->ConnectionPort,
                               &message->MessageHeader,
                               FIELD_OFFSET( SCANNER_MESSAGE, Ovlp ),
                               &message->Ovlp );

        if (hr == HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)) {
            
            printf("FilterGetMessage aborted.\n");
            break;
            
        } else if (hr != HRESULT_FROM_WIN32( ERROR_IO_PENDING )) {

            fprintf(stderr, 
              "[UserScanWorker]: Failed to get message from the minifilter. \n0x%x, 0x%x\n", 
               hr, HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
            DisplayError(hr);
            break;
        }
        
    }  // end of while(TRUE)
    
    if (message) {

        //
        //  Free the memory, which originally allocated at UserScanInit(...)
        //
        
        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, message);
    }
    
    printf("***Thread id %u exiting\n", threadCtx->ThreadId);
    
    return hr;
}

HRESULT
UserScanListenAbortProc (
    _Inout_   PUSER_SCAN_CONTEXT Context
    )
/*++

Routine Description:

    This routine is the abort listening thread procedure.
    This thread is particularly listening the abortion notifcation from the filter.
    The pseudo-code of this function is as follows,
    
    while(TRUE) {
        1) Wair for and get a message from the filter via FilterGetMessage(...)
        2) Find the scan thread context by its thread id.
        3) Set the cancel flag to be TRUE.
    }
    
Arguments:

    Context - The user scan context.

Return Value:
    
    S_OK if no error occurs; Otherwise, it would return appropriate HRESULT.
    
--*/
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    HANDLE abortPort = NULL;  //  A port for listening the abort notification from driver.
    SCANNER_MESSAGE message;
    DWORD  dwThisThread = GetCurrentThreadId();
    SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE replyMsg;
    AV_CONNECTION_CONTEXT connectionCtx = {0};
    PSCANNER_THREAD_CONTEXT threadCtx = NULL;
    
    ZeroMemory( &message, SCANNER_MESSAGE_SIZE );
   
    //
    //  Prepare the abort communication port.
    //
    
    connectionCtx.Type = AvConnectForAbort;
    hr = FilterConnectCommunicationPort( AV_ABORT_PORT_NAME,
                                         0,
                                         &connectionCtx,
                                         sizeof(AV_CONNECTION_CONTEXT),
                                         NULL,
                                         &abortPort );
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
    
        abortPort = NULL;
        return hr;
    }
    
    //
    //  This thread is listening an scan abortion notifcation or filter unloading from the kernel
    //  If it receives notification, its type must be AvMsgAbortScanning or AvMsgFilterUnloading
    //
    
    for(;;) {
    
        //
        //  Wait until an abort command is sent from filter.
        //
        
        hr = FilterGetMessage( abortPort,
                               &message.MessageHeader,
                               SCANNER_MESSAGE_SIZE,
                               NULL );

        if (hr == HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)) {
            
            printf("[UserScanListenAbortProc]: FilterGetMessage aborted.\n");
            hr = S_OK;
            break;
            
        } else if (FAILED(hr)) {
    
            fprintf(stderr, 
              "[UserScanListenAbortProc]: Failed to get message from the minifilter.\n" );
            DisplayError(hr);
            continue;
        }
        
        printf("[UserScanListenAbortProc]: Got message %llu. \n", message.MessageHeader.MessageId);
        
        if (AvMsgAbortScanning == message.Notification.Message) {

            //
            //  After this thread receives AvMsgAbortScanning
            //  it does
            //    1) Find the user scan thread context
            //    2) Set Aborted flag to be TRUE
            //
        
            hr = UserScanGetThreadContextById(message.Notification.ScanThreadId,
                                              Context,
                                              &threadCtx);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            
                printf("[UserScanListenAbortProc]: User Set AvMsgAbortScanning\n");

                //
                //  Without critical section here, we cannot prevent the scanner thread from
                //  proceeding to the next task after we check the Id and before we set the abort flag.
                //  In short, without critical section, it will be a TOCTTOU bug.
                //
                EnterCriticalSection(&(threadCtx->Lock));
                if (threadCtx->ScanId == message.Notification.ScanId) {

                    threadCtx->Aborted = TRUE;                   
                    printf("[UserScanListenAbortProc]: %lld aborted\n", message.Notification.ScanId);
                } else {

                    printf("[UserScanListenAbortProc]: tried to abort %lld, but current scan in this thread is %lld\n",
                           message.Notification.ScanId,
                           threadCtx->ScanId);
                }
                LeaveCriticalSection(&(threadCtx->Lock));
                
            } else {
            
                fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanListenAbortProc]: Error! UserScanGetThreadContextById failed.\n");
            }
            
        } else if (AvMsgFilterUnloading == message.Notification.Message) {
        
            //
            //  After this thread receives AvMsgFilterUnloading
            //  it does
            //    1) Cancell all the scanning threads
            //    2) Wait for them to finish the cancel.
            //    3) Reply to filter so that the filter can know it can close the server ports.
            //    4) Close scan port, completion port, and abortion port.
            //    5) Exit the process
            //
        
            UserScanSynchronizedCancel( Context );
            printf("The filter is unloading, exit!\n");
            ZeroMemory( &replyMsg, SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE_SIZE );
            replyMsg.ReplyHeader.MessageId = message.MessageHeader.MessageId;
            replyMsg.ThreadId = dwThisThread;
            hr = FilterReplyMessage( abortPort,
                                     &replyMsg.ReplyHeader,
                                     SCANNER_REPLY_MESSAGE_SIZE );

            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                
                fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanListenAbortProc]: Error! FilterReplyMessage failed.\n");
            }
            
            UserScanClosePorts( Context );
            CloseHandle( abortPort );
            ExitProcess( 0 );
            break;
        
        } else {
        
            assert( FALSE ); // This thread should not receive other kinds of message.
        }
        
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
        
            fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanListenAbortProc]: Failed to handle the message.\n");
            DisplayError(HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(GetLastError()));
        }
    } // end of while(TRUE)
    
    if (!CloseHandle(abortPort)) {

        fprintf(stderr, "[UserScanListenAbortProc]: Failed to close the connection port.\n");
    }
    abortPort = NULL;
    
    return hr;
}